{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:53:47Z","timestamp":1781477627082,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Equity Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:33:54Z","timestamp":1777030434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconstructing infectious disease prevention mechanisms in carceral settings in transitional states: lessons from the Chinese experience"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shuchen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2856_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.11.020","volume":"38","author":"J Baillargeon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baillargeon J. The infectious disease profile of Texas prison inmates. Prev Med. 2004;38(5):607\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.11.020.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2856_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900105","volume":"49","author":"M Massoglia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Massoglia M. Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses. J Health Soc Behav. 2008;49(1):56\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002214650804900105.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2856_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916662216","volume":"131","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Blatchford PJ, Forsyth SJ, Stern MF, Kinner SA. Epidemiology of Infectious Disease\u2013Related Death After Release from Prison, Washington State, United States, and Queensland, Australia. Public Health Rep. 2016;131(4):574\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354916662216.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2856_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wali A, Khan D, Safdar N, Shawani Z, Fatima R, Yaqoob A, Qadir A, Ahmed S, Rashid H, Ahmed B, Khan S. Prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV\/AIDS, and hepatitis; in a prison of Balochistan: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-8011-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8011-7"},{"key":"2856_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cloud DH, Garcia-Grossman IR, Armstrong A, Williams B. Public health and prisons: priorities in the age of mass incarceration. Annu Rev Public Health. 2022;44(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-034016.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-034016"},{"key":"2856_CR6","unstructured":"Greifinger RB, Bick JA, Goldenson J. Public health behind bars: from prisons to communities. Springer Nature; 2010."},{"key":"2856_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100367","author":"AR Ohringer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohringer AR, Ezer T, Serota DP. Prison-based harm reduction services are needed to address the dual substance use disorder and infectious disease epidemics in US prisons. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;22:100367.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100367.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2856_CR8","unstructured":"Flanigan TP, Zaller N, Taylor L, Beckwith C, Kuester L, Rich J, Carpenter CCJ. HIV and infectious disease care in jails and prisons: breaking down the walls with the help of academic medicine. PubMed. 2009;120:73\u201383."},{"issue":"8","key":"2856_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067338","volume":"8","author":"G Henostroza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henostroza G, Topp SM, Hatwiinda S, Maggard KR, Phiri W, Harris JB, Kr\u00fc\u00fcner A, Kapata N, Ayles H, Chileshe C, Reid SE. The High Burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Large Zambian Prison: A Public Health Alert. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e67338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067338.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2856_CR10","first-page":"177","volume":"170","author":"MC White","year":"1999","unstructured":"White MC. Identifying infectious diseases in prisons: surveillance, protection, and intervention. PubMed. 1999;170(3):177\u2013177.","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"issue":"10","key":"2856_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2003.057323","volume":"95","author":"A Gatherer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gatherer A, Moller L, Hayton P. The World Health Organization European Health in Prisons Project After 10 Years: Persistent Barriers and Achievements. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(10):1696\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2003.057323.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2856_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e037045","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037045","volume":"10","author":"CT do Nascimento","year":"2020","unstructured":"do Nascimento CT, Pena DZ, Giuffrida R, Bandeira Monteiro FN, da Silva FA, Flores EF, Prestes-Carneiro LE. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of inmates diagnosed with infectious diseases living in a region with a high number of prisons in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e037045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037045.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2856_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026806","volume":"9","author":"PL Simpson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simpson PL, Simpson M, Adily A, Grant L, Butler T. Prison cell spatial density and infectious and communicable diseases: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7):e026806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026806.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2856_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dat019","volume":"29","author":"J Woodall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woodall J, Dixey R, South J. Control and choice in English prisons: developing health-promoting prisons. Health Promot Int. 2013;29(3):474\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/dat019.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2856_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/17508480701494218","volume":"48","author":"MA Peters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peters MA. Foucault, biopolitics and the birth of neoliberalism. Crit Stud Educ. 2007;48(2):165\u201378.","journal-title":"Crit Stud Educ"},{"key":"2856_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gieryn TF. Cultural boundaries of science: Credibility on the line. University of Chicago Press; 1999.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226824420.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"2856_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0047281620947355","volume":"51","author":"JR Houf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houf JR. Boundary work and boundary objects: Synthesizing two concepts for moments of controversy. J Tech Writ Communication. 2021;51(3):293\u2013312.","journal-title":"J Tech Writ Communication"},{"key":"2856_CR18","unstructured":"Mosley Wh B, Jl, Dt J. The health transition: implications for health policy in developing countries. 1993.&#8203."},{"issue":"1","key":"2856_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx014","volume":"40","author":"ML Ndeffo-Mbah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Vigliotti VS, Skrip LA, Dolan K, Galvani AP. Dynamic Models of Infectious Disease Transmission in Prisons and the General Population. Epidemiol Rev. 2018;40(1):40\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/epirev\/mxx014.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"2856_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Montoya-Barthelemy A, Lee CD, Cundiff D, Smith E. COVID-19 and the correctional environment: The American prison as a focal point for public health. Am J Prev Med. 2020;0(0). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.04.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.04.001"},{"issue":"8","key":"2856_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e556","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00154-9","volume":"3","author":"F Hassard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassard F, Smith TR, Boehm AB, Nolan S, O\u2019Mara O, Di Cesare M, Graham D. Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(8):e556\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00154-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2856_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan X, Liu X, Shao H. Healthy china 2030: a vision for health care - sciencedirect. Value Health Reg Issues, 2017;12;112\u2013114.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2017.04.001"},{"key":"2856_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei F, Shuli Z, Yuhui Z, Peipei C, John G. Research in health policy making in China: out-of-pocket payments in healthy China 2030. BMJ, 2018;360;k234.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k234"},{"key":"2856_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Abd el-Aal E, Sobhy Doaa, Abosree T. Application of an epidemiological triangle model on prevalent sexually transmitted diseases among married women. Benha J Appl Sci. 2023;0(0). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bjas.2023.188738.1042.","DOI":"10.21608\/bjas.2023.188738.1042"},{"key":"2856_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrmann JA, Johnson-Walker YJ. Beyond one health: from recognition to results. Wiley Blackwell; 2018.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119194521"},{"key":"2856_CR26","unstructured":"Merrill RM, Timmreck TC. Introduction to epidemiology. Jones And Bartlett; 2006."},{"issue":"6","key":"2856_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13060588","volume":"13","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Tang S, Sun P. From Command-Control to Lifecycle Regulation: Balancing Innovation and Safety in China\u2019s Pharmaceutical Legislation. Healthcare. 2025;13(6):588.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"2856_CR28","first-page":"113","volume":"20","author":"M Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng M, et al. The history and development trend of disease surveillance in China. Disease Surveillance. 2005;20(3):113\u20134.","journal-title":"Disease Surveillance"},{"key":"2856_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren X, Wang L, Cowling BJ, Zeng L, Geng M, Wu P, Li Z, Yu H, Gao G. Systematic review: National notifiable infectious disease surveillance system in China. Online J Public Health Inf. 2019;11(1);e62534.","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v11i1.9897"},{"key":"2856_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaudry G, Zhong S, Whiting D, Javid B, Frater J. Managing outbreaks of highly contagious diseases in prisons: a systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020.&#8203.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3598874"},{"key":"2856_CR31","unstructured":"Li SD, Liu TH. Correctional system\u2019s response to the coronavirus pandemic and its implications for prison reform in China. Global Crime. 2020.&#8203."},{"key":"2856_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu YE, LeBoa C, Rodriguez M, Sherif B. COVID-19 preventive measures in Northern California Jails: perceived deficiencies, barriers, and unintended harms. Front Public Health. 2022.&#8203.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1002199"},{"key":"2856_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burkle FM Jr. Declining public health protections within autocratic regimes: impact on global public health security, infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine; 2020.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X20000424"},{"key":"2856_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capano G, Howlett M, Jarvis DSL, Ramesh M. Mobilizing policy (in) capacity to fight COVID-19: Understanding variations in state responses. Policy and Society; 2020.","DOI":"10.1080\/14494035.2020.1787628"},{"issue":"1","key":"2856_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2013.801543","volume":"11","author":"OC Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson OC. Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Res Psychol. 2014;11(1):25\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14780887.2013.801543.","journal-title":"Qualitative Res Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2856_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qualitative Res Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2856_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","volume":"15","author":"HF Hsieh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732305276687.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"2856_CR38","unstructured":"Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Fourth generation evaluation. Sage Publications, Inc; 1989."},{"key":"2856_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102913","volume":"74","author":"E Feitelson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feitelson E, Plaut P, Salzberger E, Shmueli D, Altshuler A, Amir S, Ben-Gal M. Learning from others\u2019 disasters? A comparative study of SARS\/MERS and COVID-19 responses in five polities. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2022;74:102913.","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"2856_CR40","unstructured":"McKeithen W. Life in Prison: Biopolitics, Ill-Being, and the Neoliberal Penitentiary. Doctoral dissertation, 2020.&#8203."},{"key":"2856_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu K, Gao H, Su J, Bao H, Zhan B, Jiang C, Chen L. Accommodation and avoidance: Functional conflict theory (FCT)-based governance logic of resettled community conflict in China. Land. 2022;11(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land11101867.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11101867"},{"issue":"10469","key":"2856_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02563-7","volume":"404","author":"LB Strick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strick LB, Ramaswamy M, Stern M. A public health framework for carceral health. Lancet. 2024;404(10469):2234\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02563-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2856_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00123.x","volume":"31","author":"WC Perdue","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perdue WC, Gostin LO, Stone LA. Public health and the built environment: historical, empirical, and theoretical foundations for an expanded role. J Law Med Ethics. 2003;31(4):557\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00123.x.","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2856_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.15208\/pieb.2015.13","volume":"15","author":"Z Maric","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maric Z. Crowding out vs. crowding in effects in transitional countries. Perspect Innovations Econ Bus. 2015;15(4):126\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15208\/pieb.2015.13.","journal-title":"Perspect Innovations Econ Bus"},{"key":"2856_CR45","unstructured":"Braithwaite RL, Hammett TM, Mayberry RM. Prisons and Aids: A Public Health Challenge. 1996."},{"issue":"2","key":"2856_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239300185631","volume":"12","author":"W Hall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hall W, Ward J, Mattick R. Methadone maintenance treatment in prisons: The New South Wales Experience. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1993;12(2):193\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09595239300185631.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2856_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/geob.12087","volume":"98","author":"AK Schliehe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schliehe AK. Re-discovering Goffman: contemporary carceral geography, the total institution and notes on heterotopia. Geogr Annaler: Ser B Hum Geogr. 2016;98(1):19\u201335.","journal-title":"Geogr Annaler: Ser B Hum Geogr"},{"issue":"165","key":"2856_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2298\/eka0565185i","volume":"50","author":"B Ilic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ilic B. Development perspective of transitional countries. Ekonomski An. 2005;50(165):185\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2298\/eka0565185i.","journal-title":"Ekonomski An"},{"issue":"4","key":"2856_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.4.984","volume":"26","author":"M Lewis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewis M. Informal Payments And The Financing Of Health Care In Developing And Transition Countries. Health Aff. 2007;26(4):984\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.26.4.984.","journal-title":"Health Aff"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Equity in Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:39:05Z","timestamp":1781476745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02856-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-9276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-9276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The results\/data\/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere, nor are they under consideration (from you or one of your Contributing Authors) by another publisher.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Dual publication"}},{"value":"All of the material is owned by the authors and\/or no permissions are required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Third party material"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"148"}}