{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:54:18Z","timestamp":1790902458576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Equity Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:15:00Z","timestamp":1783527300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restoring self-esteem and quality of life through multidisciplinary care: a cross-sectional evaluation of the Panzi One-Stop Centre model among rape survivors in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Samuel Kasereka","family":"Musisiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9ant Chuma","family":"Basimine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juvenal Bazilashe","family":"Mukungu Balegamire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Blavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2936_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.31920\/2634-3622\/2024\/v13n2a10","volume":"13","author":"AW Adunimay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adunimay AW, Shulika LS. Addressing Sexual Gender-Based Violence in the Great Lakes Region: Insights from the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. Afr J Gend Soc Dev. 2024;13(2):201\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31920\/2634-3622\/2024\/v13n2a10.","journal-title":"Afr J Gend Soc Dev"},{"key":"2936_CR2","unstructured":"Andersen I, Buttigieg F. Mental health and psychosocial support for victims\/survivors of sexual violence in conflict and emergency settings: a scoping review. Intervention J Ment Health Psychosoc Support Confl Aff Areas. 2024;22(1). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/invn\/fulltext\/2024\/22010\/mental_health_and_psychosocial_support_for.5.aspx."},{"key":"2936_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andersen I, Rossi R, Yabutu MNM, Hubloue I. Integrating mental health and psychosocial support into health facilities in conflict settings: a retrospective review from six african countries. Front Public Health. 2020;8\u20132020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.591369.\u00a0","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.591369"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486440","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2025.2486440","volume":"20","author":"A Bitenga Alexandre","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bitenga Alexandre A, Mukwege A, Mutondo KM, Apasa B, Mugisho R, Amisi G, Maroyi C, Salama RM, P., Mukwege D. Bridging theory and praxis in the comprehensive treatment of conflict-related sexual violence in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Glob Public Health. 2025;20(1):2486440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2025.2486440.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2936_CR5","unstructured":"Bouvard M, Gu\u00e9rin J, Rion AC, Bouchard C, Ducoltet E, S\u00e9chaud M, et al. \u00c9tude psychom\u00e9trique de l'Inventaire d'Estime de Soi Sociale. (Social Self-Esteem Inventory de Lawson et coll. 1979). 1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"2936_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/01488376.2010.510931","volume":"36","author":"AC Bunger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bunger AC. Defining Service Coordination: A Social Work Perspective. J Soc Serv Res. 2010;36(5):385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01488376.2010.510931.","journal-title":"J Soc Serv Res"},{"issue":"9314","key":"2936_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8","volume":"359","author":"JC Campbell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Campbell JC. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet. 2002;359(9314):1331\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2936_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334456","volume":"10","author":"R Campbell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Campbell R, Dworkin E, Cabral G. An Ecological Model of the Impact of Sexual Assault On Women\u2019s Mental Health. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2009;10(3):225\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838009334456.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2936_CR9","unstructured":"Cyrulnik B. Un merveilleux malheur. Paris: Odile Jacob; 1999."},{"issue":"5","key":"2936_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000350","volume":"11","author":"ER Dworkin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dworkin ER, Weaver TL. The impact of sociocultural contexts on mental health following sexual violence: A conceptual model. Psychol Violence. 2021;11(5):476\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/vio0000350.","journal-title":"Psychol Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2023.2256721","volume":"50","author":"I Fayaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fayaz I. Factors Associated with Growth in Sexual Violence Survivors: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Sex Marital Ther. 2024;50(1):63\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2023.2256721.","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2936_CR12","unstructured":"Fondation Pierre Fabre. NENGO : prise en charge holistique des victimes de violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre. 2024. Available from: Accessed 08 Feb 2026 https:\/\/www.fondationpierrefabre.org\/fr\/programmes\/nengo-prise-en-charge-holistique-des-victimes-de-violences-sexuelles-et-basees-sur-le-genre-en-rca\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"2936_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00431","volume":"13","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fredrickson BL, Joiner T. Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being. Psychol Sci. 2002;13(2):172\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9280.00431.","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2936_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hossain M, Zimmerman C, Kiss L, Kone D, Bakayoko-Topolska M, Manan KA, Lehmann H, Watts C. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s experiences of violence and traumatic events in rural C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire before, during and after a period of armed conflict. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e003644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003644.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003644"},{"issue":"2","key":"2936_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.2.159","volume":"41","author":"KI Howard","year":"1986","unstructured":"Howard KI, Kopta SM, Krause MS, Orlinsky DE. The dose\u2013effect relationship in psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 1986;41(2):159.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"77","key":"2936_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.14295\/idonline.v19i77.4218","volume":"19","author":"GA Junior","year":"2025","unstructured":"Junior GA, Pires DTT, Silva LdAM. Quando o Amor D\u00f3i: Um Estudo Integrativo Sobre o Estupro Marital e seus Impactos Psicossociais. ID line Revista de psicologia. 2025;19(77):135\u201353.","journal-title":"ID line Revista de psicologia"},{"key":"2936_CR17","unstructured":"Sindani KJ, Vincke P. Rebuilding justice from the ground up: a bottom-up approach to the implementation of transitional justice mechanisms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"2936_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016650184","volume":"18","author":"E Kabengele Mpinga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kabengele Mpinga E, Koya M, Hasselgard-Rowe J, Jeannot E, Rehani SB, Chastonay P. Rape in Armed Conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016;18(5):581\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838016650184.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"issue":"sup5","key":"2936_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353383","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383","volume":"8","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Benjet C, Bromet EJ, Cardoso G, Degenhardt L, de Girolamo G, Dinolova RV, Ferry F. Trauma and PTSD in the WHO world mental health surveys. Eur J psychotraumatology. 2017;8(sup5):1353383.","journal-title":"Eur J psychotraumatology"},{"key":"2936_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein LB, Melnik J, Curran K, Luebke J, Moore KM, Ruiz AM, Brown C, Parker D, Hernandez-White I, Walsh K. Trauma- and violence-informed empowering care for sexual assault survivors. J Forensic Nurs. 2024;20(3). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/forensicnursing\/fulltext\/2024\/09000\/trauma__and_violence_informed_empowering_care_for.4.aspx.","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000483"},{"issue":"6","key":"2936_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-018-9974-3","volume":"33","author":"JG Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee JG, Backes BL. Civil Legal Aid and Domestic Violence: a Review of the Literature and Promising Directions. J Family Violence. 2018;33(6):421\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-018-9974-3.","journal-title":"J Family Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"2936_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.205955","volume":"211","author":"JJ McGrath","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGrath JJ, Saha S, Lim CCW, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Caldas de Almeida JM, Cardoso G, de Girolamo G, Fayyad J, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Kawakami N, Koenen KC, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Kessler RC. Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;211(6):373\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.205955.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2936_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mugisho G, Maroyi R, Nabami S, Kasherwa A, Alexandre A, Mukwege D. Sexual and gender-based violence victims\u2019 satisfaction of the support services through the holistic model of care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1924583\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1924583\/v1"},{"key":"2936_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukwege D, Nangini C. Rape with extreme violence: the new pathology in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Med. 2009;6(12):e1000204.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000204"},{"key":"2936_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukwege D, Berg M. A holistic, person-centred care model for victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the Panzi Hospital one-stop centre model of care. PLoS Med. 2016;13(10):e1002156.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002156"},{"issue":"7","key":"2936_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2979","volume":"53","author":"OT Muldoon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muldoon OT, Nightingale A, Lowe R, Griffin SM, McMahon G, Bradshaw D, Borinca I. Sexual violence and traumatic identity change: Evidence of collective post-traumatic growth. Eur J Social Psychol. 2023;53(7):1372\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2979.","journal-title":"Eur J Social Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2936_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd013456","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013456.pub2","volume":"10","author":"L O\u2019Doherty","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Doherty L, Whelan M, Carter GJ, Brown K, Tarzia L, Hegarty K, Feder G, Brown SJ. Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;10(10):Cd013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013456.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2936_CR28","unstructured":"On international low justice and accountability globally. The DRC Inquiry: \u00ab the vicious circle of sexual violence \u00bb. H. R. Institute; 2025."},{"key":"2936_CR29","first-page":"9","volume":"4","author":"TB Pretorius","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pretorius TB, Padmanabhanunni A. Assessing the cognitive component of subjective well-being: Revisiting the satisfaction with life scale with classical test theory and item response theory. Afr J Psychol Assess. 2022;4:9.","journal-title":"Afr J Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR30","first-page":"887","volume":"3","author":"IU Rahman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rahman IU, Zeb H, Mansha S, Shah MI. Exploring the Association between Sense of Meaning in Life, Life Satisfaction and Resilience among Adults of Age 18\u201322 Years. Crit Rev Social Sci Stud. 2025;3(1):887\u201397.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Social Sci Stud"},{"key":"2936_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricou B, Merlani P. Qualit\u00e9 de vie apr\u00e8s les soins intensifs. M\u00e9decine & Hygi\u00e8ne. 2003;61(2462):2426\u20132428. https:\/\/www.revmed.ch\/view\/806149\/6428410\/RMS_2462_2426.pdf.","DOI":"10.53738\/REVMED.2003.61.2426.2426"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2019.1566676","volume":"30","author":"L Robinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robinson L, Delgadillo J, Kellett S. The dose-response effect in routinely delivered psychological therapies: A systematic review. Psychother Res. 2020;30(1):79\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503307.2019.1566676.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-02038-7","volume":"22","author":"E Rubini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rubini E, Valente M, Trentin M, Facci G, Ragazzoni L, Gino S. Negative consequences of conflict-related sexual violence on survivors: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Int J Equity Health. 2023;22(1):227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-023-02038-7.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.05.003","volume":"51","author":"RK Sripada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sripada RK, Ready DJ, Ganoczy D, Astin MC, Rauch SAM. When to Change the Treatment Plan: An Analysis of Diminishing Returns in VA Patients Undergoing Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy. Behav Ther. 2020;51(1):85\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2019.05.003.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2936_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0313107","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313107","volume":"20","author":"V Swami","year":"2025","unstructured":"Swami V, Stieger S, Voracek M, Aavik T, Abdollahpour Ranjbar H, Adebayo SO, Afhami R, Ahmed O, Aim\u00e9 A, Akel M. Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. PLoS ONE. 2025;20(1):e0313107.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2936_CR36","unstructured":"UN Women. (n.d). Democratic republic of congo. retrieved 1 February from https:\/\/africa.unwomen.org\/en\/where-we-are\/west-and-central-africa\/democratic-republic-of-congo."},{"key":"2936_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vitters\u00f8 J. Editor. Life Satisfaction. In: Humanistic wellbeing: toward a value-based science of the good life. Springer Nature Switzerland; p. 145\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-69292-5_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-69292-5_4"},{"key":"2936_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2024.100310","volume":"5","author":"S Willan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willan S, Shai N, Majola T, Mabhida M, Mngadi S, Gounden T, Jewkes R, Abrahams N, Machisa M. South African rape survivors\u2019 expressions of shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma. SSM - Mental Health. 2024;5:100310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2024.100310.","journal-title":"SSM - Mental Health"},{"key":"2936_CR39","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1948. Available from: Accessed 30 June 2026 https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/governance\/constitution."},{"key":"2936_CR40","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241564625."},{"key":"2936_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women: WHO clinical and policy guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241548595"},{"key":"2936_CR42","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Violence against women. World Health Organization; 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Equity in Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:12:17Z","timestamp":1790899937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-026-02936-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-9276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-9276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This manuscript is part of a general research project titled: \u201cMultisectoral model of holistic care of rape survivors in Republic Democratic Republic of Congo: evaluative study of the psychosocial pillar of the \u201cOne Stop Center\u201d of the Panzi hospital, in South Kivu\u201d. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, this project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychology, Speech Therapy and Educational Sciences of the University of Li\u00e8ge in Belgium, under the decision ref\/n\u00b02223-024. The practical arrangements for the management, processing, storage and destruction of personal data comply with the law defining patient rights (law of 22 August 2002), the law of 7 May 2004 on studies involving human subjects, and the General Data Protection Regulation (EU 2016\/679). The informed consent of participants was obtained prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"229"}}