{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1793650660068,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U50\/OH009739 and 5U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U50\/OH009739 and 5U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005220","name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U50\/ATU272750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50\/ATU272750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004851","name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T15:05:23Z","timestamp":1549983923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Persistent mental and physical health impact of exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah T.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhminder","family":"Osahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl R.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Brackbill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charon","family":"Gwynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Ki","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Farfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"449_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"CDC","year":"2002","unstructured":"CDC. Deaths in World Trade Center terrorist attacks\u2014New York City, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Sep 11;51:1\u20135.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"449_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6702","volume":"112","author":"PJ Landrigan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Landrigan PJ, Lioy PJ, Thurston G, Berkowitz G, Chen LC, Chillrud SN, et al. NIEHS World Trade Center Working Group. Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:731\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"449_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.109-a528","volume":"109","author":"L Claudio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Claudio L. Environmental aftermath. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109:528\u201336.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"449_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11164","volume":"116","author":"JM Stellman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stellman JM, Smith RP, Katz CL, Sharma V, Charney DS, Herbert R, et al. Enduring mental health morbidity and social function impairment in world trade center rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers: the psychological dimension of an environmental health disaster. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:1248\u201353.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"449_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021300","volume":"347","author":"DJ Prezant","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prezant DJ, Weiden M, Banauch GI, McGuinness G, Rom WN, Aldrich TK, Kelly KJ. Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:806\u201315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"449_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1121","volume":"302","author":"RM Brackbill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brackbill RM, Hadler JL, DiGrande L, Ekenga CC, Farfel MR, Friedman S, et al. Asthma and posttraumatic stress symptoms 5 to 6 years following exposure to the World Trade Center terrorist attack. JAMA. 2009;302:502\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"449_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2010.16.1.44","volume":"16","author":"S Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin S, Jones R, Reibman J, Morse D, Hwang SA. Lower respiratory symptoms among residents living near the World Trade Center, two and four years after 9\/11. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2010;16:44\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"449_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7375","volume":"113","author":"J Reibman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reibman J, Lin S, Hwang SA, Gulati M, Bowers JA, Rogers L, et al. The World Trade Center residents\u2019 respiratory health study: new-onset respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:406\u201311.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"449_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10248","volume":"115","author":"K Wheeler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheeler K, McKelvey W, Thorpe L, Perrin M, Cone J, Kass D, et al. Asthma diagnosed after 11 September 2001 among rescue and recovery workers: findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115:1584\u201390.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"449_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61180-X","volume":"378","author":"JP Wisnivesky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wisnivesky JP, Teitelbaum SL, Todd AC, Boffetta P, Crane M, Crowley L, et al. Persistence of multiple illnesses in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378:888\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"449_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181845f9b","volume":"50","author":"RE de la Hoz","year":"2008","unstructured":"de la Hoz RE, Christie J, Teamer JA, Bienenfeld LA, Afilaka AA, Crane M, et al. Reflux symptoms and disorders and pulmonary disease in former World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers and volunteers. J Occup Environ Med. 2008;50:1351\u20134.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"449_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.300","volume":"106","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Brackbill RM, Stellman SD, Farfel MR, Miller-Archie SA, Friedman S, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and comorbid asthma and posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks on World Trade Center in New York City. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:1933\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"449_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22011","volume":"28","author":"CB Maslow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maslow CB, Caramanica K, Welch AE, Stellman SD, Brackbill RM, Farfel MR. Trajectories of scores on a screening instrument for PTSD among World Trade Center rescue, recovery, and clean-up workers. J Trauma Stress. 2015 Jun;28:198\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"449_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22090","volume":"29","author":"AE Welch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Welch AE, Caramanica K, Maslow CB, Brackbill RM, Stellman SD, Farfel MR. Trajectories of PTSD among lower Manhattan residents and area workers following the 2001 World Trade Center disaster, 2003-2012. J Trauma Stress. 2016 Apr;29:158\u201366.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"449_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21972","volume":"27","author":"K Caramanica","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caramanica K, Brackbill RM, Liao T, Stellman SD. Comorbidity of 9\/11-related PTSD and depression in the World Trade Center Health Registry 10-11 years postdisaster. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27:680\u20138.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"449_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22588","volume":"59","author":"RM Bowler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowler RM, Kornblith ES, Li J, Adams SW, Gocheva VV, Schwarzer R, Cone JE. Police officers who responded to 9\/11: comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety 10-11 years later. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59:425\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"key":"449_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300690","volume":"102","author":"HP Nair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nair HP, Ekenga CC, Cone JE, Brackbill RM, Farfel MR, Stellman SD. Co-occurring lower respiratory symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder 5 to 6 years after the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:1964\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"449_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22217","volume":"56","author":"SM Friedman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Friedman SM, Farfel MR, Maslow C, Jordan HT, Li J, Alper H, et al. Comorbid persistent lower respiratory symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder 5\u20136 years post-9\/11 in responders enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Am J Ind Med. 2013;56:1251\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"key":"449_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171100256X","volume":"42","author":"BJ Luft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luft BJ, Schechter C, Kotov R, Broihier J, Reissman D, Guerrera K, et al. Exposure, probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue, recovery and clean-up workers. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1069\u201379.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"449_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000179","volume":"77","author":"R Kotov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kotov R, Bromet EJ, Schechter C, Broihier J, Feder A, Friedman-Jimenez G, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of respiratory problems in\u00a0World\u00a0Trade\u00a0Center responders: longitudinal test of a pathway. Psychosom Med. 2015;77:438\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"449_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2066","volume":"140","author":"JK Niles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Niles JK, Webber MP, Gustave J, Cohen HW, Zeig-Owens R, Kelly KJ, et al. Comorbid trends in World Trade Center cough syndrome and probable posttraumatic stress disorder in firefighters. Chest. 2011;140:1146\u201354.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"449_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1764-5","volume":"27","author":"J Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li J, Zweig KC, Brackbill RM, Farfel MR, Cone JE. Comorbidity amplifies the effects of post-9\/11 posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2018;27:651\u201360.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"449_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22640","volume":"59","author":"S Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu S, Brackbill RM, Locke S, Stellman SD, Gargano LM. Impact of 9\/11-related chronic conditions and PTSD comorbidity on early retirement and job loss among World Trade Center disaster rescue and recovery workers. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59:731\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"key":"449_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-008-9317-4","volume":"85","author":"M Farfel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farfel M, DiGrande L, Brackbill R, Prann A, Cone J, Friedman S, et al. An overview of 9\/11 experiences and respiratory and mental health conditions among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees. J Urban Health. 2008;85:880\u2013909.","journal-title":"J Urban Health."},{"key":"449_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0353-1","volume":"17","author":"S Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu S, Alper HE, Nguyen AM, Brackbill RM, Turner L, Walker DJ, et al. The effectiveness of a monetary incentive offer on survey response rates and response completeness in a longitudinal study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17:77.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol."},{"key":"449_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2806","volume":"26","author":"J Murphy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murphy J, Brackbill RM, Thalji L, Dolan M, Pulliam P, Walker DJ. Measuring and maximizing coverage in the\u00a0World\u00a0Trade\u00a0Center Health Registry. Stat Med. 2007;26:1688\u2013701.","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"449_CR27","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Technical notes for summary health statistics tables: National Health Interview Survey. Available from: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/SHS\/tables.htm . Accessed 3 July 2018."},{"key":"449_CR28","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Community Health Survey 2014: public use dataset accessed 2 Oct 2017."},{"key":"449_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","volume":"26","author":"DG Kilpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Milanak ME, Miller MW, Keyes KM, Friedman MJ. National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. J Trauma Stress. 2013;26:537\u201347.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"449_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12698","volume":"55","author":"AS Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rao AS, Scher AI, Vieira RVA, Merikangas KR, Metti AL, Peterlin BL. The impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on the burden of migrane: results from the National Comorbidity Survey-replication. Headache. 2015;55:1323\u201341.","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"449_CR31","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-14: public use dataset accessed 2 Oct 2017."},{"key":"449_CR32","unstructured":"Pratt LA, Brody DJ. Depression in the U.S. household population, 2009-2012. NCHS data brief, no 172. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2014."},{"key":"449_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002184","volume":"46","author":"EJ Bromet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bromet EJ, Hobbs MJ, Clouston SA, Gonzalez A, Kotov R, Luft BJ. DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder among World Trade Center responders 11\u201313 years after the disaster of 11 September 2001 (9\/11). Psychological Medicine. 2016;46:771\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine."},{"key":"449_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102601","volume":"73","author":"J Yip","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yip J, Zeig-Owens R, Webber MP, Kablanian A, Hall CB, Vossbrinck M, et al. World Trade Center-related physical and mental health burden among New York City Fire Department emergency medical service workers. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:13\u201320.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"449_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00935","volume":"206","author":"SC McLeay","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLeay SC, Harvey WM, Romaniuk MN, Crawford DH, Colquhoun DM, Young RM, et al. Physical comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam War veterans. Med J Aust. 2017;206:251\u20137.","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"449_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"R Tuskeviciute","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tuskeviciute R, Hoenig J, Norman C. Depression among New York City Adults. NYC Vital Signs. 2018;17:1\u20134.","journal-title":"NYC Vital Signs"},{"key":"449_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-491","volume":"14","author":"SJ Ghuman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghuman SJ, Brackbill RM, Stellman SD, Farfel MR, Cone JE. Unmet mental health care need 10-11 years after the 9\/11 terrorist attacks: 2011-2012 results from the World Trade Center Health Registry. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:491.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."}],"container-title":["Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T18:53:11Z","timestamp":1720983191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ehjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene institutional review boards approved the Wave 1 and Wave 4 protocols. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each Registry participant at enrollment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"12"}}