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In light of recent work showing an association between ambient particulate matter (PM) gross \u03b2-activity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women, we examined pregnancy glucose levels in relation to PM\u00a0gross \u03b2-activity to better understand this pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study included 103 participants receiving prenatal care at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA. PM gross \u03b2-activity was obtained from US Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s RadNet program monitors, and blood glucose levels were obtained from the non-fasting glucose challenge test performed clinically as the first step of the 2-step GDM screening test. For each exposure window we examined (i.e., moving average same-day, one-week, first-trimester, and second-trimester PM gross \u03b2-activity), we fitted generalized additive models and adjusted for clinical characteristics, socio-demographic factors, temporal variables, and PM with an aerodynamic diameter\u2009\u2264\u20092.5\u2009\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>). Subgroup analyses by maternal age and by body mass index were also conducted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An interquartile range increase in average PM gross \u03b2-activity during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increase of 17.5 (95% CI: 0.8, 34.3) mg\/dL in glucose concentration. Associations were stronger among younger and overweight\/obese participants. Our findings also suggest that the highest compared to the lowest quartile of\u00a0one-week exposure was associated with 17.0 (95% CI: \u2212\u20094.0, 38.0) mg\/dL higher glucose levels. No associations of glucose were observed with PM gross \u03b2-activity during same-day and first-trimester exposure windows. PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was not associated with glucose levels during any exposure window in our data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Exposure to higher levels of ambient PM gross \u03b2-activity was associated with higher blood glucose levels in pregnant patients, with implications for how this novel environmental factor could impact pregnancy health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00744-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T18:02:46Z","timestamp":1623693766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ambient PM gross \u03b2-activity and glucose levels during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Veronica A.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamarra","family":"James-Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele R.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair J.","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russ","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paige L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bellavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlee","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"McElrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-9094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Papatheodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"744_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.03.002","volume":"34","author":"KJ Hunt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunt KJ, Schuller KL. 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