{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:59:35Z","timestamp":1790542775520,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RD83543301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD83543301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01ES022841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES022841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U24AG066528-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U24AG066528-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3OD023272; UH3OD023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD023272; UH3OD023272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with widespread exposures across the U.S. given their abundance in consumer products. PFAS and PBDEs are associated with reproductive toxicity and adverse health outcomes, including certain cancers. PFAS and PBDEs may affect health through alternations in telomere length. In this study, we examined joint associations between prenatal exposure to PFAS, PBDEs, and maternal and newborn telomere length using mixture analyses, to characterize effects of cumulative environmental chemical exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study participants were enrolled in the Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB) study, a demographically diverse cohort of pregnant people and children in San Francisco, CA. Seven PFAS (ng\/mL) and four PBDEs (ng\/g lipid) were measured in second trimester maternal serum\u00a0samples. Telomere length (T\/S ratio) was measured in delivery cord blood of 292 newborns and 110\u00a0second trimester maternal whole blood samples. Quantile g-computation was used to assess the joint associations between groups of PFAS and PBDEs and newborn and maternal telomere length. Groups considered were: (1) all PFAS and PBDEs combined, (2) PFAS, and (3) PBDEs. Maternal and newborn telomere length were modeled as separate outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T\/S ratios in newborn cord and maternal whole blood were moderately correlated (Spearman \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.31). In mixtures analyses, a simultaneous one quartile increase in all PFAS and PBDEs was associated with a small increase in newborn (mean change per quartile increase\u2009=\u20090.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u2009-0.03, 0.08) and maternal telomere length (mean change per quartile increase\u2009=\u20090.03 (95% CI\u2009=\u2009-0.03, 0.09). When restricted to maternal\u2013fetal paired samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200976), increasing all PFAS and PBDEs combined was associated with a strong, positive increase in newborn telomere length (mean change per quartile increase\u2009=\u20090.16, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.03, 0.28). These associations were primarily driven by PFAS (mean change per quartile increase\u2009=\u20090.11 [95% CI\u2009=\u20090.01, 0.22]). No associations were observed with maternal telomere length among paired samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that PFAS and PBDEs may be positively associated with newborn telomere length.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T15:02:45Z","timestamp":1625065365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Mixture effects of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on maternal and newborn telomere length"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Eick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana E.","family":"Goin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Cushing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"DeMicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June-Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Padula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey J.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Morello-Frosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0094-1","volume":"29","author":"EM Sunderland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sunderland EM, Hu XC, Dassuncao C, Tokranov AK, Wagner CC, Allen JG. A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2019;29(2):131\u201347.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"086001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1632","volume":"125","author":"J Lam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lam J, Lanphear BP, Bellinger D, et al. Developmental PBDE exposure and IQ\/ADHD in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(8):086001.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"6","key":"765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002727","volume":"119","author":"TJ Woodruff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woodruff TJ, Zota AR, Schwartz JM. Environmental chemicals in pregnant women in the United States: NHANES 2003\u20132004. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):878\u201385.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"22","key":"765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12464","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03492","volume":"50","author":"R Morello-Frosch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morello-Frosch R, Cushing LJ, Jesdale BM, et al. Environmental chemicals in an urban population of pregnant women and their newborns from San Francisco. Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50(22):12464\u201372.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bangma J, Eaves LA, Oldenburg KS, Reiner J, Manuck T, Fry RC. Identifying risk factors for levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the placenta in a high-risk pregnancy cohort in North Carolina. Environ Sci Technol. 2020;54:(13):8158\u201366.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07102"},{"issue":"11","key":"765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5939","DOI":"10.1021\/es305349x","volume":"47","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Ruan X, Li Y, Yan M, Qin Z. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in aborted human fetuses and placental transfer during the first trimester of pregnancy. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(11):5939\u201346.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.10.008","volume":"29","author":"N Johansson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johansson N, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Neonatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes neurobehavioural defects in adult mice. Neurotoxicology. 2008;29(1):160\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng Q, Inoue K, Ritz B, Olsen J, Liew Z. Prenatal exposure to Perfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes; an updated analysis from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091832"},{"issue":"6","key":"765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00492-5","volume":"106","author":"EH Blackburn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blackburn EH. Switching and signaling at the telomere. Cell. 2001;106(6):661\u201373.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834121b1","volume":"14","author":"MA Shammas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shammas MA. Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14(1):28\u201334.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martens DS, Van Der Stukken C, Derom C, Thiery E, Bijnens EM, Nawrot TS. Newborn telomere length predicts later life telomere length: tracking telomere length from birth to child- and adulthood. EBioMedicine. 2021;63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103164"},{"key":"765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630186","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.630186","volume":"11","author":"A Vaiserman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaiserman A, Krasnienkov D. Telomere length as a marker of biological age: state-of-the-art, open issues, and future perspectives. Front Genet. 2020;11:630186.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0896","volume":"19","author":"MM Gramatges","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gramatges MM, Telli ML, Balise R, Ford JM. Longer relative telomere length in blood from women with sporadic and familial breast cancer compared with healthy controls. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(2):605\u201313.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"765_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120851","volume":"129","author":"EJ McNally","year":"2019","unstructured":"McNally EJ, Luncsford PJ, Armanios M. Long telomeres and cancer risk: the price of cellular immortality. J Clin Investig. 2019;129(9):3474\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merced-Nieves FM, Dzwilewski KLC, Aguiar A, Lin J, Schantz SL. Associations of prenatal maternal stress with measures of cognition in 7.5-month-old infants. Dev Psychobiol. 2020;00:1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1289\/isee.2020.virtual.P-0247"},{"issue":"4","key":"765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20153927","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3927","volume":"137","author":"P Factor-Litvak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Factor-Litvak P, Susser E, Kezios K, et al. Leukocyte telomere length in newborns: implications for the role of telomeres in human disease. Pediatrics. 2016;137(4):e20153927.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.73","volume":"42","author":"TS Send","year":"2017","unstructured":"Send TS, Gilles M, Codd V, et al. Telomere length in newborns is related to maternal stress during pregnancy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(12):2407\u201313.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"765_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242064","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242064","volume":"15","author":"MA Izano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izano MA, Cushing LJ, Lin J, et al. The association of maternal psychosocial stress with newborn telomere length. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(12):e0242064.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204057","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4057","volume":"3","author":"DS Martens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martens DS, Janssen BG, Bijnens EM, et al. Association of parental socioeconomic status and newborn telomere length. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e204057.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205.e201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.08.026","volume":"212","author":"HM Salihu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salihu HM, Pradhan A, King L, et al. Impact of intrauterine tobacco exposure on fetal telomere length. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(2):205.e201-208.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.05.042","volume":"175","author":"L Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song L, Liu B, Zhang L, et al. Association of prenatal exposure to arsenic with newborn telomere length: results from a birth cohort study. Environ Res. 2019;175:442\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"765_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112037","volume":"213","author":"J Bi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi J, Wu M, Liu Y, et al. Association between maternal urinary manganese concentrations and newborn telomere length: results from a birth cohort study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;213:112037.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1309-6","volume":"17","author":"M Herlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herlin M, Broberg K, Igra AM, Li H, Harari F, Vahter M. Exploring telomere length in mother\u2013newborn pairs in relation to exposure to multiple toxic metals and potential modifying effects by nutritional factors. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):77.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"765_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87007","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4492","volume":"127","author":"L Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song L, Liu B, Wu M, et al. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and newborn telomere length: a birth cohort study in Wuhan, China. Environ Health Perspect. 2019;127(8):87007.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"765_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110009","volume":"190","author":"W Cowell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cowell W, Colicino E, Tanner E, et al. Prenatal toxic metal mixture exposure and newborn telomere length: modification by maternal antioxidant intake. Environ Res. 2020;190:110009.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"765_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.044","volume":"115","author":"AR Zota","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zota AR, Geller RJ, Romano LE, et al. Association between persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, PCBs, and PFASs) and biomarkers of inflammation and cellular aging during pregnancy and postpartum. Environ Int. 2018;115:9\u201320.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5966","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b07141","volume":"53","author":"A Vriens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vriens A, Nawrot TS, Janssen BG, et al. Exposure to environmental pollutants and their association with biomarkers of aging: a multipollutant approach. Environ Sci Technol. 2019;53(10):5966\u201376.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"765_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.400","volume":"653","author":"H Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang H, Wang Q, He X, Wu Y, Xu C. Association between polyfluoroalkyl chemical concentrations and leucocyte telomere length in US adults. Sci Total Environ. 2019;653:547\u201353.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"765_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","volume":"128","author":"AP Keil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keil AP, Buckley JP, O\u2019Brien KM, Ferguson KK, Zhao S, White AJ. A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures. Environ Health Perspect. 2020;128(4):47004.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020742","volume":"18","author":"SM Eick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eick SM, Enright EA, Geiger SD, et al. Associations of maternal stress, prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and demographic risk factors with birth outcomes and offspring neurodevelopment: an overview of the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):742.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00654-2","volume":"19","author":"SM Eick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eick SM, Hom Thepaksorn EK, Izano MA, et al. Associations between prenatal maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and birth outcomes among pregnant women in San Francisco. Environ Health. 2020;19(1):100.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.10.e47","volume":"30","author":"RM Cawthon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cawthon RM. Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30(10):e47.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"765_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.09.012","volume":"352","author":"J Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin J, Epel E, Cheon J, et al. Analyses and comparisons of telomerase activity and telomere length in human T and B cells: insights for epidemiology of telomere maintenance. J Immunol Methods. 2010;352(1\u20132):71\u201380.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"49","key":"765_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17312","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407162101","volume":"101","author":"ES Epel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Epel ES, Blackburn EH, Lin J, et al. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(49):17312\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"765_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.08.011","volume":"31","author":"ES Epel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Epel ES, Lin J, Wilhelm FH, et al. Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31(3):277\u201387.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"19","key":"765_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11849","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02489","volume":"49","author":"SK Sagiv","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sagiv SK, Rifas-Shiman SL, Webster TF, et al. Sociodemographic and perinatal predictors of early pregnancy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49(19):11849\u201358.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46338-x","volume":"9","author":"K Ly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ly K, Walker C, Berry S, et al. Telomere length in early childhood is associated with sex and ethnicity. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):10359.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.05.010","volume":"35","author":"M Gielen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gielen M, Hageman G, Pachen D, Derom C, Vlietinck R, Zeegers MP. Placental telomere length decreases with gestational age and is influenced by parity: a study of third trimester live-born twins. Placenta. 2014;35(10):791\u20136.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"765_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0104","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000104","volume":"4","author":"AJ White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White AJ, O\u2019Brien KM, Niehoff NM, et al. Toenail metal concentrations and age at menopause: a prospective study. Environ Epidemiol. 2020;4(4):e0104.","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"765_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6553","DOI":"10.1021\/es104295m","volume":"45","author":"R Castorina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castorina R, Bradman A, Sj\u00f6din A, et al. Determinants of serum polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45(15):6553\u201360.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"765_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.05.028","volume":"175","author":"SK Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park SK, Peng Q, Ding N, Mukherjee B, Harlow SD. Determinants of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in midlife women: evidence of racial\/ethnic and geographic differences in PFAS exposure. Environ Res. 2019;175:186\u201399.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"29","key":"765_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702703104","volume":"104","author":"OT Njajou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Njajou OT, Cawthon RM, Damcott CM, et al. Telomere length is paternally inherited and is associated with parental lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(29):12135\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"765_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.12.095","volume":"235","author":"H Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu H, Chen Q, Lei L, et al. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances affects leukocyte telomere length in female newborns. Environ Pollut. 2018;235:446\u201352.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.303","volume":"21","author":"L Broer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broer L, Codd V, Nyholt DR, et al. Meta-analysis of telomere length in 19,713 subjects reveals high heritability, stronger maternal inheritance and a paternal age effect. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013;21(10):1163\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"765_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.109053","volume":"182","author":"KB Michels","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michels KB, De Vivo I, Calafat AM, Binder AM. In utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and telomere length at birth. Environ Res. 2020;182:109053.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13253-014-0180-3","volume":"20","author":"C Carrico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carrico C, Gennings C, Wheeler DC, Factor-Litvak P. Characterization of weighted quantile sum regression for highly correlated data in a risk analysis setting. J Agric Biol Environ Stat. 2015;20(1):100\u201320.","journal-title":"J Agric Biol Environ Stat"},{"key":"765_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisenberg DTA, Kuzawa CW. The paternal age at conception effect on offspring telomere length: mechanistic, comparative and adaptive perspectives. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018;373(1741).","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0442"},{"issue":"6","key":"765_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13017","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13017","volume":"18","author":"C-L Kuo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuo C-L, Pilling LC, Kuchel GA, Ferrucci L, Melzer D. Telomere length and aging-related outcomes in humans: a Mendelian randomization study in 261,000 older participants. Aging Cell. 2019;18(6):e13017.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T15:02:51Z","timestamp":1625065371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ehjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00765-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Boards of the University of California, San Francisco (13\u201312160) and Berkeley (2010\u201305-04).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"76"}}