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Sources of infection can vary by state and include animal and plant-based foods, as well as environmental reservoirs. Several studies have recognized the importance of increased ambient temperature and precipitation in the spread and persistence of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in soil and food. However, the impact of extreme weather events on\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rates among the most prevalent serovars, has not been fully evaluated across distinct U.S. regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address this knowledge gap, we obtained\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      case data for\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Enteriditis,\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium,\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Newport, and\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Javiana (2004-2014; n = 32,951) from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), and weather data from the National Climatic Data Center (1960-2014). Extreme heat and precipitation events for the study period (2004-2014) were identified using location and calendar day specific 95\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile thresholds derived using a 30-year baseline (1960-1989). Negative binomial generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between exposure to extreme events and salmonellosis rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed that extreme heat exposure was associated with increased rates of infection with\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Newport in Maryland (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.14), and Tennessee (IRR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09), both FoodNet sites with high densities of animal feeding operations (e.g., broiler chickens and cattle). Extreme precipitation events were also associated with increased rates of\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Javiana infections, by 22% in Connecticut (IRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35) and by 5% in Georgia (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08), respectively. In addition, there was an 11% (IRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18) increased rate of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Newport infections in Maryland associated with extreme precipitation events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, our study suggests a stronger association between extreme precipitation events, compared to extreme heat, and salmonellosis across multiple U.S. regions. In addition, the rates of infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovars that persist in environmental or plant-based reservoirs, such as\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Javiana and\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Newport, appear to be of particular significance regarding increased heat and rainfall events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00787-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T08:02:48Z","timestamp":1631952168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Climate change, extreme events, and increased risk of salmonellosis: foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 2004-2014"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Michele E.","family":"Morgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengsheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Zambrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal Romeo","family":"Upperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R.","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.p11101","volume":"17","author":"E Scallan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, et al. 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