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Early life exposures to pesticides are suspected to increase TGCT risk. Our research aimed at estimating adult TGCT risk associated with parental domestic use of pesticides during early periods of child development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case-control study of 304 TGCT cases, aged 18\u201345\u2009years old, recruited in 20 French university hospitals, and 274 controls frequency-matched on hospital and birth year. Participants\u2019 mothers provided information on their domestic use of pesticides from 1 year before start of pregnancy to 1 year after their son\u2019s birth, for gardening activities, treatment of indoor plants, pets, wood and mold, and pest control. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT (overall and by histological subtype) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of reported domestic use of pesticides was 77.3% for insecticides, 15.9% for fungicides and 12.1% for herbicides. While no association was found for any use of insecticides (OR\u2009=\u20091.27, CI\u2009=\u20090.80\u20132.01) or herbicides (OR\u2009=\u20091.15, CI\u2009=\u20090.67\u20132.00), elevated risks of TGCT overall (OR\u2009=\u20091.73, CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20132.87) and non-seminoma subtype (OR\u2009=\u20092.44, CI\u2009=\u20091.26\u20134.74) were observed for any use of fungicides. When specific purposes were examined, using fungicides and\/or insecticides for woodwork (OR\u2009=\u20092.35, CI\u2009=\u20091.06\u20135.20) and using insecticides on cats and dogs (OR\u2009=\u20091.95, CI\u2009=\u20091.12\u20133.40) were associated with increased risk of non-seminoma subtype. We found no association for seminoma subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although recall bias may partially explain the elevated ORs, our study provides some evidence of a positive association between domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development, particularly fungicides and risk of adult TGCT and non-seminoma. Given the common domestic use of pesticides in France, further research on TGCT risk is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00795-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T01:02:12Z","timestamp":1635382932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development and risk of testicular germ cell tumors in adulthood: a French nationwide case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie M. 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A14-94), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ref. no. 140184B-12) and the IARC Ethics Committee (ref. no. 14-26), and was declared to the <i>Commission nationale Informatique et Libert\u00e9s<\/i> (MR-001, ref. no. 2016-177). All participants and participants\u2019 mothers provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"111"}}