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This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis. This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A nested case-control retrospective study was performed at the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital systems between 2009 and 2019. The average concentration of PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO, NO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub> was collected for three, six, and twelve months after the first infected episode. Adjusted regression models were employed to evaluate the association between asthma and air pollution exposure after bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two thousand six hundred thirty-seven children with acute bronchiolitis were included. Exposure to PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO, NO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub> in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of bronchiolitis was found to significantly increase the risk of preschool asthma in infants with a history of bronchiolitis.(OR, 95%CI: PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.517-1.559, 1.354\u20131.744; PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> =\u20092.510-2.603, 2.148\u20133.061; SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.970-2.040, 1.724\u20132.342; ; NO =\u20091.915-1.950, 1.647\u20132.272; NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.915-1.950, 1.647\u20132.272; NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.752-1.970, 1.508\u20132.252) In a sensitive analysis of hospitalized infants, only PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub> and NO were found to have significant effects during all time periods. (OR, 95%CI: PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.613-1.650, 1.240\u20132.140; PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> =\u20092.208-2.286, 1.568\u20133.061; SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> =\u20091.679-1.622, 1.197\u20132.292; NO =\u20091.525-1.557, 1.094\u20132.181)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The presence of ambient PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and NO in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of acute bronchiolitis has been linked to the development of preschool asthma in infants with a history of acute bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-023-01035-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T03:01:42Z","timestamp":1701658902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air pollution after acute bronchiolitis is a risk factor for preschool asthma: a nested case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hao-Wei","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hsiang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsing","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.06.007","volume":"220","author":"MS Girguis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Girguis MS, Strickland MJ, Hu X, Liu Y, Chang HH, Belanoff C, Bartell SM, Vieira VM. 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The study followed the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital of the KMUH (IRB number: KMUHIRB-E(I)-20200002)), and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association. Because all data were analyzed retrospectively and patients were deidentified, the IRB waived signed informed consent.Because all data were analyzed retrospectively and patients were deidentified, the IRB waived signed informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"83"}}