{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:51:55Z","timestamp":1789869115584,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82170347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes","award":["JYY2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYY2023-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The effects of air pollution on endothelial function remain unclear across populations. We aimed to use brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) to identify demographic differences in the effects of air pollution exposure on endothelial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We measured FMD in 850 participants from October 2016 to January 2020. Location-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter\u2009<jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20092.5\u00a0\u03bcm aerodynamic diameter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), inhalable particulate matter\u2009<jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u200910\u00a0\u03bcm aerodynamic diameter (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) measured by fixed ambient air monitoring stations were collected for short- and long-term exposure assessment. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations before and after stratification by age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study eventually included 828 participants [551 (66.5%) younger than 65 years and 553 (66.8%) men]. Each 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase in 7-day exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> was significantly linearly associated with a 0.07% (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.004) and 0.05% (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.004) decrease in FMD in the fully adjusted model. After full adjustment, long-term exposure to all air pollutants was significantly associated with impaired FMD. Each 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase in long-term exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> was significantly associated with a -0.18% (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.03) and \u2212\u20090.23% (95% CI: -0.40 to -0.06) change in FMD, respectively. After stratification, the associations of lower FMD with long-term exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and CO significantly persisted in men and participants younger than 65 years instead of women or older participants. For short-term exposure, we observed differences consistent with long-term exposure and a stronger effect of 7-day exposure to SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in men due to a significant interaction effect.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Short- and long-term exposure to different air pollutants are strongly associated with decreased endothelial function, and susceptibility to air pollution varies significantly with age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-024-01100-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T10:04:02Z","timestamp":1720433042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Age and sex differences in the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollution on endothelial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keling","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0119-4","volume":"16","author":"D Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao D, Liu J, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhou M. 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