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We aimed to investigate risks of longer-term endocrine and metabolic conditions among U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) responders to the <jats:italic>Deepwater Horizon<\/jats:italic> (DWH) oil spill.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study population included all active duty DWH Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort members (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945,224). Self-reported spill exposures were ascertained from post-deployment surveys. Incident endocrine and metabolic outcomes were defined using <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic> (9th Revision) diagnostic codes from military health encounter records up to 5.5\u00a0years post-DWH. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various incident endocrine and metabolic diagnoses (2010\u20132015, and separately during 2010\u20132012 and 2013\u20132015).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean baseline age was 30\u00a0years (~\u200977% white,\u2009~\u200986% male). Compared to non-responders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939,260), spill responders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095,964) had elevated risks for <jats:italic>simple and unspecified goiter<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20092.09, 95% CI: 1.29\u20133.38) and <jats:italic>disorders of lipid metabolism<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20091.09, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.18), including its subcategory <jats:italic>other and unspecified hyperlipidemia<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20091.10, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.21). The <jats:italic>dysmetabolic syndrome X<\/jats:italic> risk was elevated only during 2010\u20132012 (aHR\u2009=\u20092.07, 95% CI: 1.22\u20133.51). Responders reporting ever (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,068) vs. never (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092,424) crude oil inhalation exposure had elevated risks for <jats:italic>disorders of lipid metabolism<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20091.24, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.53), including its subcategory <jats:italic>pure hypercholesterolemia<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20091.71, 95% CI: 1.08\u20132.72), the <jats:italic>overweight, obesity and other hyperalimentation<\/jats:italic> subcategory of <jats:italic>unspecified obesity<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20091.52, 95% CI: 1.09\u20132.13), and <jats:italic>abnormal weight gain<\/jats:italic> (aHR\u2009=\u20092.60, 95% CI: 1.04\u20136.55). Risk estimates for endocrine\/metabolic conditions were generally stronger among responders reporting exposure to both crude oil and dispersants (vs. neither) than among responders reporting only oil exposure (vs. neither).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this large cohort of active duty USCG responders to the DWH disaster, oil spill cleanup exposures were associated with elevated risks for longer-term endocrine and metabolic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-025-01164-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T05:45:16Z","timestamp":1742622316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Risk of longer-term endocrine and metabolic conditions in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard cohort study \u2013 five years of follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hristina","family":"Denic-Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine M.","family":"Buchanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn O.","family":"Talbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E.","family":"Emerick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Costacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Rusiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1164_CR1","unstructured":"United States Coast Guard. 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