{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:14:34Z","timestamp":1785338074220,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000147","name":"Canadian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13149, 19500, 19864 and 19865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13149, 19500, 19864 and 19865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009326","name":"Cancer Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FRQS-R\u00e9seau de recherche en sant\u00e9 environnementale"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011100","name":"Minist\u00e8re du D\u00e9veloppement \u00c9conomique, de l\u2019Innovation et de l\u2019Exportation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["159704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["159704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:17:07Z","timestamp":1753435027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occupational Exposure to Engine Exhausts and Prostate Cancer Risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Barul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Elise","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1205_CR2","unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund International, American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report: Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prostate Cancer. London: World Cancer Research Fund International; 2014."},{"key":"1205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.09.004","volume":"45","author":"C Demoury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demoury C, Karakiewicz P, Parent M-E. Association between lifetime alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study in Montreal. Canada Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;45:11\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2016.09.004.","journal-title":"Canada Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00583-0","volume":"19","author":"LA Pardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pardo LA, Beane Freeman LE, Lerro CC, et al. Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2020;19:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-020-00583-0.","journal-title":"Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source"},{"key":"1205_CR5","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Night shift work. Lyon: IARC; IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. 2020;124."},{"key":"1205_CR6","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Occupational exposure as a firefighter. Lyon: IARC; IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. 2023;132."},{"key":"1205_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.03.035","volume":"156","author":"S Weichenthal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weichenthal S, Lavigne E, Valois M-F, et al. Spatial variations in ambient ultrafine particle concentrations and the risk of incident prostate cancer: A case-control study. Environ Res. 2017;156:374\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.03.035.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"1205_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101211","volume":"70","author":"M-\u00c9 Parent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parent M-\u00c9, Goldberg MS, Crouse DL, et al. Traffic-related air pollution and prostate cancer risk: a case\u2013control study in Montreal. Canada Occup Environ Med. 2013;70:511\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2012-101211.","journal-title":"Canada Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0185-1","volume":"15","author":"J-F Sauv\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sauv\u00e9 J-F, Lavou\u00e9 J, Parent M-\u00c9. Occupation, industry, and the risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Montr\u00e9al, Canada. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2016;15:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-016-0185-1.","journal-title":"Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source"},{"key":"1205_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 1988;105."},{"key":"1205_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00165-2","volume":"26","author":"MC Turner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Turner MC, Godderis L, Gu\u00e9nel P, et al. Carcinogenicity of automotive gasoline and some oxygenated gasoline additives. Lancet Oncol. 2025;26:548\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00165-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1205_CR12","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Benzene. Lyon: IARC; IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. 2019;120."},{"key":"1205_CR13","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane). Lyon: IARC; IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 198;71."},{"key":"1205_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2017.1408562","volume":"54","author":"P Mitra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitra P, Sharma S, Purohit P, et al. Clinical and molecular aspects of lead toxicity: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2017;54:506\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408363.2017.1408562.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"1205_CR15","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme. Era of leaded petrol over, eliminating a major threat to human and planetary health. Nairobi: UNEP; 2021. https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/era-leaded-petrol-over-eliminating-majorthreat-human-and-planetary-health"},{"key":"1205_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.5.330","volume":"51","author":"P Nokso-Koivisto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nokso-Koivisto P, Pukkala E. Past exposure to asbestos and combustion products and incidence of cancer among Finnish locomotive drivers. Occup Environ Med. 1994;51:330\u20134.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.49.5.337","volume":"49","author":"E Gub\u00e9ran","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gub\u00e9ran E, Usel M, Raymond L, et al. Increased risk for lung cancer and for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract among Geneva professional drivers. Br J Ind Med. 1992;49:337\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.49.5.337.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"1205_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.7.516","volume":"60","author":"B J\u00e4rvholm","year":"2003","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvholm B, Silverman D. Lung cancer in heavy equipment operators and truck drivers with diesel exhaust exposure in the construction industry. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60:516\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.60.7.516.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs035","volume":"104","author":"MD Attfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Attfield MD, Schleiff PL, Lubin JH, et al. The Diesel Exhaust in Miners study: a cohort mortality study with emphasis on lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:869\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djs035.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1205_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.018622","volume":"62","author":"D Boers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boers D. The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62:531\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2004.018622.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siemiatycki J, G\u00e9rin M, Stewart P, Nadon L, Dewar R. Associations between several sites of cancer and ten types of exhaust and combustion products: results from a case-referent study in Montreal. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988;14(2):79-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.1949.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1949"},{"key":"1205_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750","volume":"143","author":"KJ Aronson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aronson KJ, Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, et al. Occupational Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: Results from a Case-Control Study in Montreal, Quebec. Canada Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:363\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750.","journal-title":"Canada Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.373","volume":"24","author":"A Seidler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seidler A, Heiskel H, Bickeb\u00f6ller R, et al. Association between diesel exposure at work and prostate cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24:486\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.373.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"1205_CR24","first-page":"70","volume":"12","author":"M-E Parent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parent M-E, D\u00e9sy M, Siemiatycki J. Does exposure to agricultural chemicals increase the risk of prostate cancer among farmers? McGill J Med MJM Int Forum Adv Med Sci Stud. 2009;12:70\u20137.","journal-title":"McGill J Med MJM Int Forum Adv Med Sci Stud"},{"key":"1205_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.027706","volume":"64","author":"L Fritschi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fritschi L, Glass DC, Tabrizi JS, et al. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study in Western Australia. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64:60\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2006.027706.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz167","volume":"188","author":"C Barul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barul C, Richard H, Parent M-E. Night-Shift Work and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Canadian Case-Control Study, the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188:1801\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwz167.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105058","volume":"75","author":"A Blanc-Lapierre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blanc-Lapierre A, Sauv\u00e9 J-F, Parent M-E. Occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene and risk of prostate cancer in a population-based study. Occup Environ Med. 2018;75:562\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2018-105058.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.08.026","volume":"182","author":"JL Wright","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wright JL, Salinas CA, Lin DW, et al. Prostate cancer specific mortality and Gleason 7 disease differences in prostate cancer outcomes between cases with Gleason 4 + 3 and Gleason 3 + 4 tumors in a population based cohort. J Urol. 2009;182:2702\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.08.026.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1205_CR29","unstructured":"Department of Employment and Immigration. Canadian classification dictionary of occupations. Vol. 1. Ottawa: Information Canada; 1971."},{"key":"1205_CR30","unstructured":"Statistics Canada Standards Division. Standard Industrial Classification. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 1980."},{"key":"1205_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0451-0","volume":"18","author":"J-F Sauv\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sauv\u00e9 J-F, Lavou\u00e9 J, Nadon L, et al. A hybrid expert approach for retrospective assessment of occupational exposures in a population-based case-control study of cancer. Environ Health. 2019;18:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0451-0.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"1205_CR32","first-page":"420","volume":"27","author":"M G\u00e9rin","year":"1985","unstructured":"G\u00e9rin M, Siemiatycki J, Kemper H, et al. Obtaining occupational exposure histories in epidemiologic case-control studies. J Occup Med Off Publ Ind Med Assoc. 1985;27:420\u20136.","journal-title":"J Occup Med Off Publ Ind Med Assoc"},{"key":"1205_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100154","volume":"69","author":"J Lavou\u00e9","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lavou\u00e9 J, Pintos J, Van Tongeren M, et al. Comparison of exposure estimates in the Finnish job-exposure matrix FINJEM with a JEM derived from expert assessments performed in Montreal. Occup Environ Med. 2012;69:465\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2011-100154.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxy044","volume":"62","author":"J-F Sauv\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sauv\u00e9 J-F, Siemiatycki J, Labr\u00e8che F, et al. Development of and Selected Performance Characteristics of CANJEM, a General Population Job-Exposure Matrix Based on Past Expert Assessments of Exposure. Ann Work Expo Health. 2018;62:783\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxy044.","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"1205_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-14-1","volume":"14","author":"E Valli\u00e8res","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valli\u00e8res E, Pintos J, Parent M-E, et al. Occupational exposure to wood dust and risk of lung cancer in two population-based case-control studies in Montreal, Canada. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2015;14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-14-1.","journal-title":"Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source"},{"key":"1205_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.579","volume":"112","author":"V Bagnardi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, et al. Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2015;112:580\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2014.579.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1205_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2891-z","volume":"16","author":"J Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao J, Stockwell T, Roemer A, et al. Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-016-2891-z.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1205_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.150508","volume":"100","author":"M Huncharek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huncharek M, Haddock KS, Reid R, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:693\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.150508.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1205_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00671-5","volume":"26","author":"JI Nolazco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nolazco JI, Mucci LA, Sosnowski R, et al. Relationship between cigarette use and prostate cancer risk: what do we know and what should we do? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023;26:516\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-023-00671-5.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"1205_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07089-5","volume":"20","author":"JB Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi JB, Myong J-P, Lee Y, et al. Does increased body mass index lead to elevated prostate cancer risk? It depends on waist circumference. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-020-07089-5.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1205_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00751-w","volume":"20","author":"C Barul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barul C, Parent M-E. Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of prostate cancer. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2021;20:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00751-w.","journal-title":"Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source"},{"key":"1205_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2006.08.004","volume":"84","author":"J Cao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cao J, Valois M-F, Goldberg MS. An S-Plus function to calculate relative risks and adjusted means for regression models using natural splines. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2006;84:58\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2006.08.004.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"1205_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12460","volume":"105","author":"DJ VanderWeele","year":"2014","unstructured":"VanderWeele DJ, Brown CD, Taxy JB, et al. Low-grade prostate cancer diverges early from high grade and metastatic disease. Cancer Sci. 2014;105:1079\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.12460.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"1205_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa154","volume":"113","author":"LM Hurwitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hurwitz LM, Agalliu I, Albanes D, et al. Recommended Definitions of Aggressive Prostate Cancer for Etiologic Epidemiologic Research. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113:727\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaa154.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1205_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24087","volume":"81","author":"H-J Shih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shih H-J, Fang S-C, An L, et al. Early-onset prostate cancer is associated with increased risks of disease progression and cancer-specific mortality. Prostate. 2021;81:118\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24087.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1205_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2014.09.001","volume":"38","author":"J Depczynski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Depczynski J, Lower T. A review of prostate cancer incidence and mortality studies of farmers and non-farmers, 2002\u20132013. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38:654\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2014.09.001.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa032","volume":"64","author":"J-F Sauv\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sauv\u00e9 J-F, Stapleton EM, O\u2019Shaughnessy PT, et al. Diesel Exhaust Exposure during Farming Activities: Statistical Modeling of Continuous Black Carbon Concentrations. Ann Work Expo Health. 2020;64:503\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa032.","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"1205_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2017.04.006","volume":"48","author":"J Sritharan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sritharan J, Demers PA, Harris SA, et al. Occupation and risk of prostate cancer in Canadian men: A case-control study across eight Canadian provinces. Cancer Epidemiol. 2017;48:96\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2017.04.006.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181f72b7c","volume":"52","author":"S Koutros","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koutros S, Alavanja MCR, Lubin JH, et al. An update of cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. J Occup Environ Med. 2010;52:1098\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181f72b7c.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2012.632358","volume":"15","author":"MCR Alavanja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alavanja MCR, Bonner MR. Occupational Pesticide Exposures and Cancer Risk: A Review. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B. 2012;15:238\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2012.632358.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part B"},{"key":"1205_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2000.6.3.194","volume":"6","author":"TL Weston","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weston TL, Aronson KJ, Siemiatycki J, et al. Cancer mortality among males in relation to exposures assessed through a job-exposure matrix. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000;6:194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/oeh.2000.6.3.194.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"1205_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S102230","volume":"11","author":"P Darbre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Darbre P. Overview of air pollution and endocrine disorders. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:191\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S102230.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"1205_CR53","unstructured":"Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. Chemical profiles.Propane. 2023. (accessed 8 June 2023)"},{"key":"1205_CR54","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Occupational exposures in petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum fuels. Lyon: IARC. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 1989;45."},{"key":"1205_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu S, Fruin S, Kozawa K, et al. Aircraft Emission Impacts in a Neighborhood Adjacent to a General Aviation Airport in Southern California. Environ Sci Technol. 2009;43:8039-45.","DOI":"10.1021\/es900975f"},{"key":"1205_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Este C, Attia JR, Brown AM, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in aircraft maintenance workers. Am J Ind Med. 2008;51:16-23.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20540"},{"key":"1205_CR57","first-page":"216","volume":"71","author":"T Ballard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ballard T, Lagorio S, De Angelis G, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality among flight personnel: a meta-analysis. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2000;71:216\u201324.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162906","volume":"16","author":"W Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee W, Kang M-Y, Yoon J-H. Cancer Incidence Among Air Transportation Industry Workers Using the National Cohort Study of Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:2906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16162906.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1205_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5163","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0427","volume":"73","author":"KL Penney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Penney KL, Stampfer MJ, Jahn JL, et al. Gleason grade progression is uncommon. Cancer Res. 2013;73:5163\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0427.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1205_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxz026","volume":"63","author":"M-\u00c9 Parent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parent M-\u00c9, Richard H, Sauv\u00e9 J-F. Characterizing Short-Term Jobs in a Population-Based Study. Ann Work Expo Health. 2019;63:701\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxz026.","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"1205_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.Supplement_2.S57","volume":"22","author":"J Bouyer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bouyer J, Hemon D. Retrospective Evaluation of Occupational Exposures in Population-Based Case-Control Studies: General Overview with Special Attention to Job Exposure Matrices. Int J Epidemiol. 1993;22:S57-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/22.Supplement_2.S57.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1205_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.3.145","volume":"56","author":"E Tielemans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tielemans E, Heederik D, Burdorf A, et al. Assessment of occupational exposures in a general population: comparison of different methods. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56:145\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.56.3.145.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1205_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141320902485","volume":"27","author":"CE Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peters CE, Villeneuve PJ, Parent M-\u00c9. Occupation as a predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviour in Canada. J Med Screen. 2020;27:215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969141320902485.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T23:24:38Z","timestamp":1757287478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ehjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-025-01205-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the following institutions: Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, H\u00f4pital Jean-Talon, H\u00f4pital Fleury, and H\u00f4pital Charles-LeMoyne. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}