{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T00:43:28Z","timestamp":1792975408965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0097-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T14:08:47Z","timestamp":1437055727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in comparison to chlorhexidine using the quantitative suspension method"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Vitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sofrata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Slizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R V","family":"Sugars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E I","family":"Gudkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L A","family":"Kazeko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ramberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Buhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"97_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00790.x","volume":"32","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marsh PD (2005) Dental plaque: biological significance of a biofilm and community life-style. J Clin Periodontol 32(Suppl 6):7\u201315. doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00790.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"97_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1990.61.9.579","volume":"61","author":"L Sbordone","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sbordone L, Ramaglia L, Gulletta E, Iacono V (1990) Recolonization of the subgingival microflora after scaling and root planing in human periodontitis. J Periodontol 61(9):579\u2013584. doi: 10.1902\/jop.1990.61.9.579","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"97_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050336","volume":"77","author":"S Renvert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Renvert S, Pettersson T, Ohlsson O, Persson GR (2006) Bacterial profile and burden of periodontal infection in subjects with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. J Periodontol 77(7):1110\u20131119. doi: 10.1902\/jop.2006.050336","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.79","volume":"8","author":"PJ Hanes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hanes PJ, Purvis JP (2003) Local anti-infective therapy: pharmacological agents. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol\/Am Acad Periodontol 8(1):79\u201398. doi: 10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.79","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol\/Am Acad Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"97_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6979.2004.00490.x","volume":"31","author":"S Eick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eick S, Seltmann T, Pfister W (2004) Efficacy of antibiotics to strains of periodontopathogenic bacteria within a single species biofilm\u2014an in vitro study. J Clin Periodontol 31(5):376\u2013383. doi: 10.1111\/j.0303-6979.2004.00490.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"11","key":"97_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt211","volume":"68","author":"WC Nance","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nance WC, Dowd SE, Samarian D, Chludzinski J, Delli J, Battista J et al (2013) A high-throughput microfluidic dental plaque biofilm system to visualize and quantify the effect of antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 68(11):2550\u20132560. doi: 10.1093\/jac\/dkt211","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"97_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01260.x","volume":"35","author":"D Herrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrera D, Alonso B, Leon R, Roldan S, Sanz M (2008) Antimicrobial therapy in periodontitis: the use of systemic antimicrobials against the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 35(8 Suppl):45\u201366. doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01260.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"97_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umland TC, Schultz LW, MacDonald U, Beanan JM, Olson R, Russo TA (2012) In vivo-validated essential genes identified in Acinetobacter baumannii by using human ascites overlap poorly with essential genes detected on laboratory media. MBio 3(4). doi: 10.1128\/mBio.00113-12","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00113-12"},{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","volume":"12","author":"G McDonnell","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDonnell G, Russell AD (1999) Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 12(1):147\u2013179","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"97_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.12.1443","volume":"70","author":"AJ Mariotti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mariotti AJ, Rumpf DA (1999) Chlorhexidine-induced changes to human gingival fibroblast collagen and non-collagen protein production. J Periodontol 70(12):1443\u20131448. doi: 10.1902\/jop.1999.70.12.1443","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"97_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2001.281206.x","volume":"28","author":"M Rosin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosin M, Welk A, Bernhardt O, Ruhnau M, Pitten FA, Kocher T et al (2001) Effect of a polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse on bacterial counts and plaque. J Clin Periodontol 28(12):1121\u20131126","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"97_CR12","first-page":"38","volume":"4","author":"NP Barkova","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barkova NP, Bogachuk GP (1995) Quantum-mechanical characteristics and toxicity of guanidine-containing antiseptics. Gig Sanit 4:38\u201342","journal-title":"Gig Sanit"},{"issue":"5","key":"97_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290503.x","volume":"29","author":"M Rosin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosin M, Welk A, Kocher T, Majic-Todt A, Kramer A, Pitten FA (2002) The effect of a polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse compared to an essential oil rinse and a chlorhexidine rinse on bacterial counts and 4-day plaque regrowth. J Clin Periodontol 29(5):392\u2013399","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"97_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00702.x","volume":"32","author":"A Welk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Welk A, Splieth CH, Schmidt-Martens G, Schwahn C, Kocher T, Kramer A et al (2005) The effect of a polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse compared with a triclosan rinse and a chlorhexidine rinse on bacterial counts and 4-day plaque re-growth. J Clin Periodontol 32(5):499\u2013505. doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00702.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"97_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn125","volume":"61","author":"G Muller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muller G, Kramer A (2008) Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity. J Antimicrob Chemother 61(6):1281\u20131287. doi: 10.1093\/jac\/dkn125","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"97_CR16","unstructured":"Krasil\u2019nikov AP, Adarchenko AA (1992) [The clinical significance and methodological problems in determining bacterial sensitivity\/resistance to antiseptics]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia\u00a0=\u00a0Antibiotics and Chemotherapy [sic]\/Ministerstvo meditsinskoi i mikrobiologicheskoi promyshlennosti SSSR 37(9):39\u201344"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"97_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000089208","volume":"212","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Hosaka Y, Ishihara K, Hiraishi T, Sato S, Ogawa T et al (2006) The efficacy of povidone-iodine products against periodontopathic bacteria. Dermatology 212(Suppl 1):109\u2013111. doi: 10.1159\/000089208","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"97_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23045","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023045","volume":"6","author":"A Sofrata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sofrata A, Santangelo EM, Azeem M, Borg-Karlson AK, Gustafsson A, Putsep K (2011) Benzyl isothiocyanate, a major component from the roots of Salvadora persica is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria. PLoS One 6(8):e23045. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0023045","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"97_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572008000500006","volume":"16","author":"AP Nascimento","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nascimento AP, Tanomaru JM, Matoba-Junior F, Watanabe E, Tanomaru-Filho M, Ito IY (2008) Maximum inhibitory dilution of mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and polyhexamethylene biguanide against salivary Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Oral Sci 16(5):336\u2013339","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"97_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0002-x","volume":"66","author":"DP Livingston 3rd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Livingston DP 3rd, Hincha DK, Heyer AG (2009) Fructan and its relationship to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS 66(13):2007\u20132023. doi: 10.1007\/s00018-009-0002-x","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS"},{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2010.08.011","volume":"29","author":"S Badel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Badel S, Bernardi T, Michaud P (2011) New perspectives for Lactobacilli exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 29(1):54\u201366. doi: 10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2010.08.011","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"97_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengupta R, Altermann E, Anderson RC, McNabb WC, Moughan PJ, Roy NC (2013) The role of cell surface architecture of Lactobacilli in host-microbe interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Mediators Inflam 2013(Journal Article):237921\u2013237916. doi: 10.1155\/2013\/237921","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/237921"},{"issue":"6","key":"97_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00239.x","volume":"20","author":"P K\u00f5ll-Klais","year":"2005","unstructured":"K\u00f5ll-Klais P, M\u00e4ndar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarstr\u00f6m L, Mikelsaar M (2005) Oral Lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 20(6):354\u2013361. doi: 10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00239.x","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"97_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2009.02.005","volume":"29","author":"D Wei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wei D, Ma Q, Guan Y, Hu F, Zheng A, Zhang X et al (2009) Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of oligoguanidine (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride). Mater Sci Eng, C 29(6):1776\u20131780. doi: 10.1016\/j.msec.2009.02.005","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng, C"},{"issue":"3","key":"97_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04482.x","volume":"108","author":"ZX Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou ZX, Wei DF, Guan Y, Zheng AN, Zhong JJ (2010) Damage of Escherichia coli membrane by bactericidal agent polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride: micrographic evidences. J Appl Microbiol 108(3):898\u2013907. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04482.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"97_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.047514-0","volume":"61","author":"MK Oule","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oule MK, Quinn K, Dickman M, Bernier AM, Rondeau S, De Moissac D et al (2012) Akwaton, polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride-based sporicidal disinfectant: a novel tool to fight bacterial spores and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 61(Pt 10):1421\u20131427. doi: 10.1099\/jmm.0.047514-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"97_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.01.024","volume":"63","author":"C Kratzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kratzer C, Tobudic S, Graninger W, Buxbaum A, Georgopoulos A (2006) In vitro antimicrobial activity of the novel polymeric guanidine Akacid plus. J Hosp Infect 63(3):316\u2013322. doi: 10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.01.024","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"97_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/003350-0","volume":"57","author":"MK Oule","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oule MK, Azinwi R, Bernier AM, Kablan T, Maupertuis AM, Mauler S et al (2008) Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 57(Pt 12):1523\u20131528. doi: 10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/003350-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-015-0097-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T09:08:35Z","timestamp":1566983315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ann-clinmicrob.com\/content\/14\/1\/36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-015-0097-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]]},"article-number":"36"}}