{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:17:56Z","timestamp":1793200676397,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0236-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T09:48:16Z","timestamp":1505814496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase production among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Krishus","family":"Nepal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan Dutt","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibhusan","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Belbase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikesh","family":"Baidhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Krishna","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binod","family":"Lekhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwij Raj","family":"Bhatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1198-743x.2001.00330.x","volume":"7","author":"M Gniadkowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gniadkowski M. Evolution and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and ESBL-producing microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001;7(11):597\u2013608.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"236_CR2","first-page":"887","volume":"26","author":"R Haque","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haque R, Salam MA. Detection of ESBL producing nosocomial gram negative bacteria from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Pak J Med Sci. 2010;26(4):887\u201391.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"236_CR3","first-page":"22","volume":"1","author":"RMA El-Baky","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Baky RMA, El-Azeim NHA, Gad GFM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC Beta-lactamase, and metallo-beta-lactamase among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Adv Biotechnol Bioeng. 2013;1:22\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"issue":"2","key":"236_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.07.010","volume":"33","author":"R Colodner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Colodner R. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a challenge for clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists. Am J Infect Control. 2005;33(2):104\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"236_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68531","volume":"2","author":"D Rawat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawat D, Nair D. Extended-spectrum \u00df-lactamases in gram negative bacteria. J Global Infect Dis. 2010;2:263\u201374.","journal-title":"J Global Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"236_CR6","first-page":"130","volume":"1","author":"RK Rangachari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rangachari RK, Mathavi SK, Priyadharsini I. Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli in urinary isolates. Int J Biol Med Res. 2010;1(4):130\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"236_CR7","first-page":"119","volume":"8","author":"M Tonkic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tonkic M, Goic-Barisic I, Punda-Polic V. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in a university hospital in Split, Croatia. Int Microbiol. 2005;8(2):119\u201324.","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"236_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0674","volume":"86","author":"SS Kanj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanj SS, Kanafani ZA. Current concepts in antimicrobial therapy against resistant gram-negative organisms: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(3):250\u20139.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"236_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-557","volume":"7","author":"A Bora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bora A, Sanjana R, Jha BK, Mahaseth SN, Pokharel K. Incidence of metallo-beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in central Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:557.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"3","key":"236_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.66486","volume":"28","author":"A Manoharan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manoharan A, Chatterjee S, Mathai D, SARI Study Group. Detection and characterization of metallo beta lactamases producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2010;28(3):241\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"236_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.05.592","volume":"16","author":"SK Mishra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mishra SK, Acharya J, Kattel H, Pokhrel BM, Rijal BP. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacterial strains among the patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16:e425.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"236_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543470","volume-title":"District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part II","author":"M Cheesbrough","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part II. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2006.","edition":"2"},{"key":"236_CR13","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative bacteriology","author":"JG Holt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST. Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative bacteriology. Baltimore: Williamsons and Wilkins; 1994."},{"key":"236_CR14","volume-title":"CLSI document M100-S25. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Twenty fifth informational supplement ed","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. CLSI document M100-S25. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Twenty fifth informational supplement ed. Wayne: CLSI; 2015."},{"key":"236_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"236_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3798-3801.2002","volume":"40","author":"D Yong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yong D, Lee K, Yum JH, Shin HB, Rossolini GM, Chong Y. Imipenem-EDTA disk method for differentiation of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(10):3798\u2013801.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"236_CR17","first-page":"34","volume":"13","author":"S Poudyal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poudyal S, Bhatta DR, Shakya G, Upadhyaya B, Dumre SP, Buda G, et al. Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase producing multidrug resistant clinical bacterial isolates at National Public Health Laboratory, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011;13(1):34\u20138.","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J."},{"issue":"2","key":"236_CR18","first-page":"111","volume":"5","author":"P Behzadi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Behzadi P, Behzadi E, Yazdanbod H, Aghapour R, Akbari Cheshmeh M, Salehian Omran D. A survey on urinary tract infections associated with the three most common uropathogenic bacteria. Maedica (Buchar). 2010;5(2):111\u20135.","journal-title":"Maedica (Buchar)"},{"key":"236_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0104-9","volume":"5","author":"S Neupane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neupane S, Pant ND, Khatiwada S, Chaudhary R, Banjara MR. Correlation between biofilm formation and resistance toward different commonly used antibiotics along with extended spectrum beta lactamase production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from the patients suspected of urinary tract infections visiting Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016;5:5.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"236_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-38","volume":"5","author":"P Baral","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baral P, Neupane S, Marasini BP, Ghimire KR, Lekhak B, Shrestha B. High prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:38.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"236_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0085-0","volume":"4","author":"KK Yadav","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yadav KK, Adhikari N, Khadka R, Pant AD, Shah B. Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli: a cross-sectional study in National Kidney Center, Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015;4:42.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"236_CR22","first-page":"728","volume":"4","author":"NK Chaudhary","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaudhary NK, Murthy MS. Prevalence of multidrug resistance in uropathogenic Klebsiella species with reference to extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases production. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2013;4(3):728\u201335.","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"236_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5799\/ahinjs.02.2015.02.0179","volume":"5","author":"S Raut","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raut S, Gokhale S, Adhikari B. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;5(2):69\u201375.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"236_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"J Pathak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pathak J, Pokharel N. Multidrug resistant and extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) isolates from different clinical specimens. Int J Sci and Res Pub. 2015;5:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Sci and Res Pub"},{"issue":"3","key":"236_CR25","first-page":"25","volume":"4","author":"MA Thokar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thokar MA, Fomda BA, Maroof P, Ahmed K, Bashir D, Bashir G. Proliferation of extended spectrum \u00df\u2013lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative bacteria, diagnostic inputs and impact on selection of Antimicrobial therapy. Phys Acad. 2010;4(3):25\u201331.","journal-title":"Phys Acad"},{"key":"236_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/2225-6482.153861","volume":"2","author":"CY Ranjini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ranjini CY, Kasukurthi LR, Madhumati B, Rajendran R. Prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a tertiary care hospital in South India: an alarming trend. Community Acquir Infect. 2015;2:19\u201324.","journal-title":"Community Acquir Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"236_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"NV Enwuru","year":"2011","unstructured":"Enwuru NV, Enwuru CA, Ogbonnia SO, Adepoju-Bello AA. Metallo-\u0392-lactamase production by Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella species isolated from Hospital and Community subjects in lagos, Nigeria. Nat Sci. 2011;9(11):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"236_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-131235660","volume":"13","author":"PH Mate","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mate PH, Devi KS, Devi KM, Damrolien S, Devi NL, Devi PP. Prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Gram-Negative bacteria in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-East India. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(12):56\u201360.","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"236_CR29","first-page":"89","volume":"1","author":"MD Wadekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wadekar MD, Anuradha K, Venkatesh D. Phenotypic detection of ESBL and MBL in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Int J curr Res Aca Rev. 2013;1(3):89\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J curr Res Aca Rev"},{"key":"236_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0059-2","volume":"4","author":"S Ansari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ansari S, Nepal HP, Gautam R, Shrestha S, Neopane P, Gurung G, et al. Community acquired multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in a tertiary care center of Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015;4:15.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"236_CR31","first-page":"570","volume":"25","author":"AA Kader","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kader AA, Kumar AK. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among multidrug resistant gram-negative isolates from a general hospital in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004;25:570\u20134.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"236_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.127280","volume":"5","author":"N Shashwati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shashwati N, Kiran T, Dhanvijay AG. Study of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobaceriaceae and antibiotic co-resistance in a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5:30\u20135.","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-017-0236-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T09:48:21Z","timestamp":1505814501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12941-017-0236-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-017-0236-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"article-number":"62"}}