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The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the correlation of biofilm production and antibiotic resistance as well as to characterize the <jats:italic>pgaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pgaC<\/jats:italic> genes responsible for biofilm formation among uropathogenic ESBL producing <jats:italic>E. coli.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 1977 mid-stream urine samples were examined and cultured for bacterial strain identification. ESBL was detected by combined disc method following CLSI whereas biofilm formation was analyzed by semi-quantitative method. Furthermore, the <jats:italic>pgaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pgaC<\/jats:italic> genes responsible for biofilm formation in UPEC were detected by multiplex PCR. All the statistical analyses were done via IBM SPSS Statistics 21 where Pearson\u2019s correlation test were used to determine correlation (\u22121\u2009\u2265\u2009<jats:italic>r\u2009<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u20091).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was the predominant causative agent, which accounted 159 (59.3%) of the Gram-negative bacteria, where 81 (50.9%) <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains were found to be ESBL producers. In addition, 86 (54.1%) <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains were found to be biofilm producers. Both the <jats:italic>pgaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pgaC<\/jats:italic> genes were detected in 45 (93.7%) the UPEC isolates, which were both biofilm and ESBL producers. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between biofilm and ESBL production.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analyses presented weak positive correlation between biofilm and ESBL production in which biofilm producing UPEC harbors both <jats:italic>pgaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pgaC<\/jats:italic> genes responsible for biofilm formation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-019-0340-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T15:02:47Z","timestamp":1576594967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the correlation of biofilm with antibiotics resistance in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raju","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Khadayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajani","family":"Ghaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Lekhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan Dutt","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bishnu P.","family":"Marasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.09.003","volume":"22","author":"LK McLellan","year":"2006","unstructured":"McLellan LK, Hunstad DA. 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