{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:26:57Z","timestamp":1784172417986,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an opportunistic pathogen mainly affecting patients with cystic fibrosis or immunocompromised, has rarely been documented as a cause of corneal infection. The clinical and microbiological profiles of\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis are reported herein.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of 17 patients with culture-proven\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis, treated between 2000 and 2019\u00a0at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Our data included predisposing factors, clinical presentations, treatments, and visual outcomes of\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis as well as the drug susceptibility of the causative agent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common predisposing factor for\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis was preexisting ocular disease (seven, 41.2%), particularly herpetic keratitis (five). Polymicrobial infection was detected in seven (41.2%) eyes. All\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime. Main medical treatments included levofloxacin or ceftazidime. Surgical treatment was required in five (29.4%) patients. Only four (23.5%) patients exhibited final visual acuity better than 20\/200.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis primarily affects patients with preexisting ocular disease, particularly herpetic keratitis, and responds well to ceftazidime or fluoroquinolones. However, the visual outcomes are generally poor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T16:05:33Z","timestamp":1610035533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinico-microbiological profile of Burkholderia cepacia keratitis: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ming-Chih","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Yu-Chuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Kun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H. K.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Chiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Hsi","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1085","volume":"3:","author":"E Mahenthiralingam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mahenthiralingam E, Urban TA, Goldberg JB. The multifarious, multireplicon Burkholderia cepacia complex. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3::144\u201356.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000181475.85187.ed","volume":"11","author":"JJ LiPuma","year":"2005","unstructured":"LiPuma JJ. Update on the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Curr Opin Pul Medicine. 2005;11:528\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pul Medicine"},{"key":"407_CR3","first-page":"1801","volume":"31","author":"V Sachdeva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sachdeva V, Joseph V, Sharma S, Das T. Burkholderia cepacia Endophthalmitis. Clinico-Microbiologic Profile Outcomes Retina. 2011;31:1801\u20135.","journal-title":"Clinico-Microbiologic Profile Outcomes Retina"},{"key":"407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.187492","volume":"95:","author":"S Chaurasia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaurasia S, Muralidhar R, Das S, Sangwan VS, Reddy AK, Gopinathan U. Keratitis Caused by Burkholderia cepacia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95::746\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icl.0000167714.53847.8c","volume":"32","author":"YC Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin YC, Chen KH, Hsu WM. Daytime orthokeratology associated with infectious keratitis by multiple gram-negative bacilli: Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eye Contact Lens. 2006;32:19\u201320.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.097972","volume":"90","author":"I Eser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eser I, Altan T, Stahl J, Aydin M, Inan N, Kapran Z. Yilmaz O. Two cases of Burkholderia cepacia endophthalmitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 1211.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"407_CR7","first-page":"748","volume":"136","author":"AY Matoba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matoba AY. Polymicrobial keratitis secondary to Burkholderia ambifaria, enterococcus, and staphylococcus aureus in a patient with herpetic stromal keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:748\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701501","volume":"19","author":"A Pathengay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pathengay A, Raju B, Sharma S, Das T. Recurrent endophthalmitis caused by Burkholderia cepacia. Eye. 2005;19:358.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20121228-02","volume":"29","author":"JC Reddy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reddy JC, Tibbetts MD, Hammersmith KM, Nagra PK, Rapuano CJ. Successful management of Burkholderia cepacia keratitis after LASIK. 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Burkholderia cepacia complex: emerging multihost pathogens equipped with a wide range of virulence factors and determinants. Int J Microbiol. 2011;607575:9.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f23704","volume":"30","author":"M Ahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahn M, Yoon KC, Ryu SK, Cho NC, You IC. Clinical aspects and prognosis of mixed microbial (bacterial and fungal) keratitis. Cornea. 2011;30:409\u201313.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.084095","volume":"90","author":"S Tuft","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuft S. Polymicrobial infection and the eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:257\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.07.006","volume":"77","author":"MM Sfeir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sfeir MM. Burkholderia cepacia complex infections: more complex than the bacterium name suggest. J Infect. 2018;77:166\u201370.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011197-0","volume":"58","author":"K Ornek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ornek K, Ozdemir M, Ergin A. Burkholderia cepacia keratitis with endophthalmitis. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58:1517\u20138.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T16:17:54Z","timestamp":1610036274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-020-00407-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-26844\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-26844\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB number: 202000181B0), which granted a waiver of consent because patient anonymity was maintained by the data source.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The consent for publication of biometric data from Patient 13 was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}