{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T20:07:36Z","timestamp":1772050056581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal laboratory findings are common in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of the level of some laboratory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet count) on the severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We collected the articles published before May 26, 2020. We gathered the laboratory factors in groups of patients with COVID-19, and studied the relation between level of these factors with severity and outcome of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean CRP level, creatinine, hemoglobin, and the leukocytes count in the critically ill patients were significantly higher than those of the other groups (non-critical patients); mean CRP\u2009=\u200954.81\u00a0mg\/l, mean creatinine\u2009=\u200986.82\u00a0\u03bcmol\/l, mean hemoglobin\u2009=\u2009144.05\u00a0g\/l, and mean leukocyte count\u2009=\u20097.41\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>. The lymphocyte count was higher in patients with mild\/moderate disease (mean: 1.32\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>) and in the invasive ventilation group (mean value of 0.72\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>), but it was considerably lower than those of the other two groups. The results showed that the platelet count was higher in critically ill patients (mean value of 205.96\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>). However, the amount was lower in the invasive ventilation group compared with the other groups (mean level\u2009=\u2009185.67\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With increasing disease severity, the leukocyte count and the level of CRP increase significantly and the lymphocyte count decreases. There seems to be a significant relation between platelet level, hemoglobin, and creatinine level with severity of the disease. However, more studies are required to confirm this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1615907020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The laboratory findings and different COVID-19 severities: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3886-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reihane","family":"Soldoozi Nejat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ashkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1632-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"264","key":"420_CR1","first-page":"266","volume":"91","author":"DS Hui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hui DS, Azhar EI, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O. The continuing -nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest, 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;91(264):266.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25678","volume":"92","author":"H Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401\u20132.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"20","key":"420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","volume":"348","author":"C Drosten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drosten C, G\u00fcnther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt H-R, Becker S, et al. Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Nejm. 2003;348(20):1967\u201376.","journal-title":"Nejm"},{"key":"420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss SR, Leibowitz JL. Coronavirus pathogenesis. Advances in virus research. 81: Elsevier; 2011. p. 85\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385885-6.00009-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13196","volume":"23","author":"Y Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin Y, Wunderink RG. MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia. Respirology. 2018;23(2):130\u20137.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"19","key":"420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","volume":"367","author":"AM Zaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zaki AM, Van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. Nejm. 2012;367(19):1814\u201320.","journal-title":"Nejm"},{"issue":"13","key":"420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","volume":"382","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. Nejm. 2020;382(13):1199\u2013207.","journal-title":"Nejm"},{"issue":"13","key":"420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10223","key":"420_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507\u201313.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"420_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. Nejm. 2020.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"issue":"11","key":"420_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan. China Jama. 2020;323(11):1061\u20139.","journal-title":"China Jama"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25871","volume":"92","author":"C Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan C, Huang Y, Shi F, Tan K, Ma Q, Chen Y, et al. C-reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID-19 early. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):856\u201362.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"420_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.024","volume":"96","author":"H Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan H, Zhang L, Huang B, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Zhang H, et al. Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;96:294\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"420_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2000174","volume":"21","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Sun L-J, Xu M, Pan J, Zhang Y-T, Fang X-L, et al. Clinical characteristics of 34 COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit in Hangzhou. China J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020;21(5):378\u201387.","journal-title":"China J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"420_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, Wu Y, Huang J, Lian N, et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25889"},{"key":"420_CR16","unstructured":"National Health Commission & State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia 2020 http:\/\/www.kankyokansen.org\/uploads\/uploads\/files\/jsipc\/protocol_V7.pdf. Accessed 21 july 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"420_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","volume":"73","author":"K Slim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg. 2003;73(9):712\u20136.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"420_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"J Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thompson S, Deeks J, Altman D. Measuring Inconsistency in Meta-Analyses. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2003;327:557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"key":"420_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burian E, Jungmann F, Kaissis GA, Lohoefer FK, Spinner CD, Lahmer T, et al. Intensive care risk estimation in COVID-19 pneumonia based on clinical and imaging parameters: experiences from the Munich cohort. medRxiv. 2020:2020.05.04.20076349.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3572889"},{"key":"420_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102473","volume":"112","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Dong Y, Wang L, Xie H, Li B, Chang C, et al. Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience. J Autoimmun. 2020;112:102473.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"420_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Han T, Chen J, Hou C, Hua L, He S, et al. Clinical and Autoimmune Characteristics of Severe and Critical Cases of COVID-19. Clin Transl Sci. 2020;n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12805"},{"issue":"5","key":"420_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","volume":"130","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(5):2620\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"420_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Jiang L, Li X, Lin F, Wang Y, Li B, et al. Clinical and pathological investigation of patients with severe COVID-19. JCI Insight. 2020;5(12).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138070"},{"issue":"4","key":"420_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.007","volume":"22","author":"Z Lv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lv Z, Cheng S, Le J, Huang J, Feng L, Zhang B, et al. Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Microbes Infect. 2020;22(4):195\u20139.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","volume":"75","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan. China Allergy. 2020;75(7):1730\u201341.","journal-title":"China Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"420_CR26","first-page":"3404","volume":"24","author":"F Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng F, Tang W, Li H, Huang YX, Xie YL, Zhou ZG. Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(6):3404\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"420_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.05.005","volume":"26","author":"H Kato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kato H, Shimizu H, Shibue Y, Hosoda T, Iwabuchi K, Nagamine K, et al. Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. J Infect Chemothe. 2020;26(8):865\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemothe"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25783","volume":"92","author":"S Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan S, Xiang Y, Fang W, Zheng Y, Li B, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):797\u2013806.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"15","key":"420_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa272","volume":"71","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yang B, Li Q, Wen L, Zhang R. Clinical Features of 69 Cases With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan. China Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):769\u201377.","journal-title":"China Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"420_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.005","volume":"80","author":"K Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. J Infect. 2020;80(6):e14\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"10223","key":"420_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497\u2013506.","journal-title":"China The Lancet"},{"key":"420_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.006","volume":"192","author":"J Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu J, Kong J, Wang W, Wu M, Yao L, Wang Z, et al. The clinical implication of dynamic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer in COVID-19: A retrospective study in Suzhou China. Thromb Res. 2020;192:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"420_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang A-P, Liu J-P, Tao W-Q, Li H-M. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;84:106504-.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106504"},{"key":"420_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Yang Y, Huang M, Liu L, Zhang X, Xu J, et al. Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: A retrospective study from a single center. J Med Virol. 2020.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25810"},{"issue":"1","key":"420_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.008","volume":"146","author":"T Herold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herold T, Jurinovic V, Arnreich C, Lipworth BJ, Hellmuth JC, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, et al. Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):128-36.e4.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"420_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu L, Zhao M, Xiao J, Zhao Q. Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China. Liver Int. 2020.","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14455"},{"key":"420_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102763","volume":"55","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Li S, Liu J, Liang B, Wang X, Wang H, et al. Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. EBioMedicine. 2020;55:102763.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"420_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.003","volume":"146","author":"R Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen R, Sang L, Jiang M, Yang Z, Jia N, Fu W, et al. Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):89\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"420_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rastrelli G, Di Stasi V, Inglese F, Beccaria M, Garuti M, Di Costanzo D, et al. Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients. Andrology. 2020;n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12821"},{"key":"420_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104392","volume":"127","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yu M, Tong S, Liu L-Y, Tang L-V. Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan. China J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104392.","journal-title":"China J Clin Virol"},{"key":"420_CR41","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma H, Li Z, Cheng J, et al. The potential role of IL-6 in monitoring severe cases of coronavirus disease. MedRxiv. 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"420_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2020.03.26","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Tian J, Xiong S. Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(2):428\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1759817","volume":"52","author":"W Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou W, Zhang W, Jin R, Liang L, Xu B, Hu Z. Risk factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52(7):498\u2013505.","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"420_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.047","volume":"94","author":"C Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng C, Wang J, Guo H, Lu Z, Ma Y, Zhu Y, et al. Risk-adapted Treatment Strategy For COVID-19 Patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:74\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0398","volume":"58","author":"D Ferrari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrari D, Motta A, Strollo M, Banfi G, Locatelli M. Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1095\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"420_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.035","volume":"80","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Xiang X, Ren H, Xu L, Zhao L, Chen X, et al. Serum amyloid A is a biomarker of severe coronavirus disease and poor prognosis. J Infect. 2020;80(6):646\u201355.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"420_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.037","volume":"88","author":"C Liguori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liguori C, Pierantozzi M, Spanetta M, Sarmati L, Cesta N, Iannetta M, et al. Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:11\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"420_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang W, Dong J, Ren Y, Tian M, Li W, Hu J, et al. The value of clinical parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26031"},{"key":"420_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang J, Cheng A, Kumar R, Fang Y, Chen G, Zhu Y, et al. Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID-19 independent of age and co-morbidity. J Med Virol. 2020;n\/a(n\/a).","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26003"},{"key":"420_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M, Sadeghi-Haddad-Zavareh M, Babazadeh A, Yeganeh B, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom J Intern Med. 2020.","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0013"},{"issue":"22","key":"420_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa408","volume":"41","author":"S Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi S, Qin M, Cai Y, Liu T, Shen B, Yang F, et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(22):2070\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14309","volume":"75","author":"Q Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai Q, Huang D, Ou P, Yu H, Zhu Z, Xia Z, et al. COVID-19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province. China Allergy. 2020;75(7):1742\u201352.","journal-title":"China Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"420_CR53","first-page":"390","volume":"130","author":"Q Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao Q, Wang P, Wang X, Qie G, Meng M, Tong X, et al. A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020;130(5):390\u20139.","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"420_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","volume":"5","author":"AE Gorbalenya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA,\u00a0et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"420_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104370","volume":"127","author":"F Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu F, Li L, Xu M, Wu J, Luo D, Zhu Y,\u00a0et al. Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104370.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"420_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102536","volume":"19","author":"F Rivellese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rivellese F, Prediletto E. ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19\u00a0from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(6):102536.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"420_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1-9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.5.e1","volume":"87","author":"M Donoghue","year":"2000","unstructured":"Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N,\u00a0et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1\u20139. Circ Res. 2000;87(5):E1-9.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"420_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihalopoulos M, Dogra N, Mohamed N, Badani K, Kyprianou N. COVID-19 and Kidney Disease: Molecular Determinants and Clinical Implications in Renal Cancer. Eur\u00a0Urol\u00a0Focus. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.06.002"},{"issue":"10229","key":"420_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z,\u00a0et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"420_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41285","volume":"72","author":"LA Henderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henderson LA, Canna SW, Schulert GS, Volpi S, Lee PY, Kernan KF,\u00a0et al. On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19. Arthritis Rheum. 2020;72(7):1059\u201363.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"16","key":"420_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A,\u00a0et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region. Italy Jama. 2020;323(16):1574\u201381.","journal-title":"Italy Jama"},{"issue":"9997","key":"420_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60454-8","volume":"386","author":"A Zumla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2015;386(9997):995\u20131007.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"420_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00217-0","volume":"8","author":"C Danwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danwang C, Endomba FT, Nkeck JR, Wouna DLA, Robert A, Noubiap JJ. A meta-analysis of potential biomarkers associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biomark Res. 2020;8:37.","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"420_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241955","volume":"15","author":"A Izcovich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izcovich A, Ragusa MA, Tortosa F, Lavena Marzio MA, Agnoletti C, Bengolea A,\u00a0et al. Prognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(11):e0241955.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"420_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00362-2","volume":"19","author":"W Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen W, Zheng KI, Liu S, Yan Z, Xu C, Qiao Z. Plasma CRP level is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020;19(1):18.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"420_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.08.019","volume":"510","author":"A Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D, Fateh F, Abolghasemi H. Laboratory findings in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;510:475\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"420_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104390","volume":"147","author":"A Pormohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pormohammad A, Ghorbani S, Baradaran B, Khatami A, Turner RJ, Mansournia MA, et al. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of 61,742 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2020;147:104390.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"420_CR68","first-page":"e75","volume":"8","author":"D Bashash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bashash D, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Safa M, Akbari Dilmaghani N, Faranoush M, et al. The Prognostic Value of Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e75.","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T17:32:59Z","timestamp":1671643979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00420-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}