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Patients who acquired secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) and bacterial co-infections were analyzed. Etiology and AMR data of the bacterial infections were collected. Results were also compared to control groups from pre-pandemic and pandemic era data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 4859 positive culture results from 3532 patients were analyzed. Fifty-two (3.59%) patients had 78 SBIs and 38 (2.62%) patients had 45 bacterial co-infections among 1447 COVID-19 patients. 22\/85 (25.88%) patients died who had bacterial infections. The respiratory culture-positive sample rate was 39.02% among all culture-positive samples in the COVID-19 group. There was a significant decrease in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0(8.94%) compared to samples from the pre-pandemic (20.76%) and pandemic era (20.74%) (p\u2009=\u20090.001 for both comparisons). Interestingly,\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0was the main pathogen in the respiratory infections of COVID-19 patients (9.76%) and the rate was significantly higher than pre-pandemic (3.49%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.002) and pandemic era control groups (3.11%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to the low frequency of SBIs reported during the ongoing pandemic, a more careful and targeted antimicrobial prescription should be taken. While patients with COVID-19 had lower levels of ESBL-producing\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacterales,\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR)\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0is higher.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00454-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T11:03:48Z","timestamp":1628161428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Secondary bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in COVID-19: comparative evaluation of pre-pandemic and pandemic-era, a retrospective single center study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Karata\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melike","family":"Ya\u015far-Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1644-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alper","family":"T\u00fcnger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3993-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feriha","family":"\u00c7illi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8354-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015e\u00f6hret","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkan","family":"\u00d6zenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa773","author":"R Nieuwlaat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nieuwlaat R, Mbuagbaw L, Mertz D, Burrows LL, Bowdish DME, Moja L, et al. 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