{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:25:29Z","timestamp":1783013129934,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>) is one of the most important causative pathogens associated with complicated urinary tract infections with a 20% incidence. For epidemiological determinations, several phenotypic and molecular typing methods have been implicated. Sixty <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> isolated undergo antibiotic susceptibility test by standard Kirby Bauer method. They showed high resistance to nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole that appear mainly in 3rd age group. The 2nd age group comprised most of the resistant isolates to the tested antibiotics. A total of 73.33% of isolates were classified as multi drug resistance (MDR) and 78.3% of isolates were distributed in several antibiotypes with MAR index over 0.2. Twenty-one isolates were strong biofilm-producers and they were significantly related to MDR. Different virulence factors as protease, urease and hemolysin production are detected. Detection of several virulence genes by PCR; <jats:italic>zapA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ureC<\/jats:italic> were harbored by all isolates, followed by <jats:italic>rsbA<\/jats:italic> (95%), <jats:italic>ureA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic> (93%), <jats:italic>hpmA<\/jats:italic> (91.7%) and <jats:italic>mrpA<\/jats:italic> (73.3%). Determination of genetic diversity between isolates was performed by different methods (RAPD, ISSR, ERIC, BOX-AIR and REP-PCR) by using several parameters as typeability and discriminatory power indicating that ERIC-PCR was the best method followed by REP-PCR 1R. Rand\u2019s &amp; Wallace coefficients were used for calculating the congruence among typing methods. Conclusions: The results obtained from both conventional and molecular typing methods indicated that molecular methods are superior to conventional methods in the discrimination of isolates. ERIC-PCR and Rep-PCR provide high discrimination ability among <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates contributing to epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T10:19:29Z","timestamp":1736936369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of typing methods, virulence genes profile and antimicrobial susceptibility for clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lamiaa A.","family":"Salama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazem Hamed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaymaa H.","family":"Abdel-Rhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Barwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadan","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR1","first-page":"369","volume":"16","author":"FSA Al-Mayahi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Mayahi FSA. Phenotypic and molecular detection of virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis isolated from different clinical sources. Bas Vet Res J. 2017;16(1):369.","journal-title":"Bas Vet Res J"},{"key":"770_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2160\/rpbs.2021.81598.1107","author":"LA Salama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salama LA, Saleh H, Abdel-Rhman S, Barwa R, Hassan R. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producing Proteus mirabilis isolates. Records Pharm Biomed Sci J. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2160\/rpbs.2021.81598.1107.","journal-title":"Records Pharm Biomed Sci J"},{"key":"770_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0009-2017","author":"CE Armbruster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Armbruster CE, Mobley HLT, Pearson MM. Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection. EcoSal Plus J. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0009-2017.","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus J"},{"key":"770_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojcd.2014.41011","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang Y, Xu Y, Wang Z, Lin X. Antimicrobial resistance and genotype analysis of extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis. Open J Clin Diagn. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojcd.2014.41011.","journal-title":"Open J Clin Diagn"},{"key":"770_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00269","volume":"8","author":"S Pawar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pawar S, Ashraf MI, Mujawar S, Mishra R, Lahiri C. In silico Identification of the indispensable Quorum sensing proteins of multidrug Resistant Proteus mirabilis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:269\u2013269.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"770_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00806.x","volume":"7","author":"PN Rather","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rather PN. Swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. Environ Microbiol J. 2005;7(8):1065\u201373.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"770_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00229.x","volume":"34","author":"RM Morgenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morgenstein RM, Szostek B, Rather PN. Regulation of gene expression during swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2010;34(5):753\u201363.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR8","first-page":"48","volume":"19","author":"H Pathirana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pathirana H, De Silva B, Wimalasena S, Hossain S, Heo G. Comparison of virulence genes in Proteus species isolated from human and pet turtle. Iran J Vet Res. 2018;19(1):48.","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"770_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013","author":"JN Schaffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaffer JN, Pearson MM. Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectrum J. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum J"},{"issue":"6","key":"770_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-013-0423-5","volume":"67","author":"SE Cestari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cestari SE, Ludovico MS, Martins FH, da Rocha SP, Elias WP, Pelayo JS. Molecular detection of HpmA and HlyA hemolysin of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Curr Microbiol. 2013;67(6):703\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5799\/ahinjs.02.2011.01.0011","volume":"1","author":"\u0130H Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2011","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u0130H, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m SC, Ko\u00e7ak N. Molecular methods for bacterial genotyping and analyzed gene regions. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;1(1):42\u20136.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"770_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2014.7256","volume":"9","author":"R Hassan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hassan R, Barwa R, Shaaban MI, Salama LA. Random amplified DNA polymorphism of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2015;9:621\u201330.","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"770_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118278666.ch1","author":"Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Y, Son I. Molecular typing of foodborne waterborne bacterial pathogens polymerase chain reaction-based subtyping methods. DNA Methods Food Safety J. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118278666.ch1.","journal-title":"DNA Methods Food Safety J"},{"issue":"5","key":"770_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000500014","volume":"12","author":"L Michelim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michelim L, Muller G, Zacaria J, Delamare AP, Costa SO, Echeverrigaray S. Comparison of PCR-based molecular markers for the characterization of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008;12(5):423\u20139.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"770_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S298838","volume":"14","author":"SH Abdel-Rhman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdel-Rhman SH, Rizk DE. Comparative assessment of different PCR-Based Typing Methods of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:1019\u201335.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01685-07","volume":"46","author":"M Miragaia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miragaia M, Carrico J, Thomas J, Couto I, Enright M, De Lencastre H. Comparison of molecular typing methods for characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis proposal for clone definition. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(1):118\u201329.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"770_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082069","volume":"8","author":"M Ma\u00e2tallah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma\u00e2tallah M, Bakhrouf A, Habeeb MA, Turlej-Rogacka A, Iversen A, Pourcel C, Sioud O, Giske CG. Four genotyping schemes for phylogenetic analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa comparison of their congruence with multi-locus sequence typing. PLoS One J. 2013;8(12): e82069.","journal-title":"PLoS One J"},{"key":"770_CR18","first-page":"882","volume":"6","author":"S Roussel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roussel S, Felix B, Vingadassalon N, Grout J, Hennekine J-A, Guillier L, Auvray F. Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with food poisoning outbreaks in France: comparison of different molecular typing methods, including MLVA. Front Microbiol J. 2015;6:882.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol J"},{"key":"770_CR19","unstructured":"CLSI: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne, PA; 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"770_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, Harbarth S, Hindler JF, Kahlmeter G, Olsson-Liljequist B, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"770_CR21","first-page":"17","volume":"5","author":"D Tambekar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tambekar D, Dhanorkar D, Gulhane S, Khandelwal V, Dudhane M. Antibacterial susceptibility of some urinary tract pathogens to commonly used antibiotics. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006;5:17.","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"770_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00122-6","volume":"40","author":"S Stepanovi\u0107","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stepanovi\u0107 S, Vukovi\u0107 D, Daki\u0107 I, Savi\u0107 B, \u0160vabi\u0107-Vlahovi\u0107 M. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods. 2000;40(2):175\u20139.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"770_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.11.021","volume":"113","author":"R El-Baz","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Baz R, Rizk DE, Barwa R, Hassan R. Virulence characteristics and molecular relatedness of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring different staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Microb Pathog J. 2017;113:385\u201395.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog J"},{"key":"770_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6156720","author":"M Eladawy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eladawy M, El-Mowafy M, El-Sokkary MMA, Barwa R. Effects of lysozyme, proteinase K, and cephalosporins on biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6156720.","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"770_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x","volume":"115","author":"S Stepanovi\u0107","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stepanovi\u0107 S, Vukovi\u0107 D, Hola V, Bonaventura GD, Djuki\u0107 S, \u0106irkovi\u0107 I, Ruzicka F. Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci. APMIS. 2007;115(8):891\u20139.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"770_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7279830","author":"MM Gharrah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gharrah MM, Mostafa El-Mahdy A, Barwa RF. Association between virulence factors and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to nonproducing isolates. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/7279830.","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"770_CR27","first-page":"6550","volume":"2","author":"K Sudipta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sudipta K. Screening of substrates for protease production from Bacillus licheniformis. Screening. 2010;2(11):6550\u20134.","journal-title":"Screening"},{"key":"770_CR28","first-page":"15","volume":"20","author":"R Hassan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hassan R, El-Naggar W, El-Sawy E, El-Mahdy A. Characterization of some virulence factors associated with Enterbacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections in Mansoura Hospitals. Egypt J Med Microbiol. 2011;20:15\u20139.","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"770_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00841.x","volume":"31","author":"MD Englen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Englen MD, Kelley LC. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni by the polymerase chain reaction. Lett Appl Microbiol J. 2000;31(6):421\u20136.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR30","first-page":"156","volume":"3","author":"HH Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali HH, Yousif MG. Detection of some virulence factors genes of Proteus mirablis that isolated from urinary tract infection. IJAR J. 2015;3(1):156\u201363.","journal-title":"IJAR J"},{"issue":"24","key":"770_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823","volume":"19","author":"J Versalovic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Versalovic J, Koeuth T, Lupski R. Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to finerpriting of bacterial enomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19(24):6823\u201331.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"770_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4942-4950.2003","volume":"69","author":"S Seurinck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seurinck S, Verstraete W, Siciliano SD. Use of 16S\u201323S rRNA intergenic spacer region PCR and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR analyses of Escherichia coli isolates to identify nonpoint fecal sources. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69(8):4942\u201350.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0430-y","volume":"16","author":"J Heras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heras J, Dom\u00ednguez C, Mata E, Pascual V, Lozano C, Torres C, Zarazaga M. Gel J\u2013a tool for analyzing D NA fingerprint gel images. BMC Bioinform J. 2015;16(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform J"},{"issue":"10","key":"770_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-019-01708-x","volume":"201","author":"E Ole\u0144ska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ole\u0144ska E, Ma\u0142ek W. Genomic polymorphism of Trifolium repens root nodule symbionts from heavy metal-abundant 100-year-old waste heap in southern Poland. Arch Microbiol. 2019;201(10):1405\u201314.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"770_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05733-11","volume":"50","author":"CG Clark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark CG, Taboada E, Grant CC, Blakeston C, Pollari F, Marshall B, Rahn K, MacKinnon J, Daignault D, Pillai D. Comparison of molecular typing methods useful for detecting clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli isolates through routine surveillance. J clin Microbiol. 2012;50(3):798\u2013809.","journal-title":"J clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"770_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.03.002","volume":"47","author":"F Gravey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gravey F, Loggia G, de La Blanchardi\u00e8re A, Cattoir V. Bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of urinary specimens of the elderly. Med Mal Infect. 2017;47(4):271\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"770_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.11.015","volume":"25","author":"AN Norsworthy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norsworthy AN, Pearson MM. From Catheter to kidney stone: the uropathogenic lifestyle of Proteus mirabilis. Trends Microbiol. 2017;25(4):304\u201315.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"770_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110","volume":"3","author":"R Cant\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alba JM, Gal\u00e1n JC. CTX-M enzymes: origin and diffusion. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:110.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"770_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1129551","volume":"48","author":"A Korytny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Korytny A, Riesenberg K, Saidel-Odes L, Schlaeffer F, Borer A. Blood stream infections caused by multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis: Epidemiology, risk factors and impact of multi-drug resistance. Infect Dis J. 2016;48(6):428\u201331.","journal-title":"Infect Dis J"},{"key":"770_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104642","author":"W Danilo de Oliveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danilo de Oliveira W, Lopes Barboza MG, Faustino G, Yamanaka Inagaki WT, Sanches MS, Takayama Kobayashi RK, Vespero EC, Dejato Rocha SP. Virulence, resistance and clonality of Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) in Brazil. Microb Pathog. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104642.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"770_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000229","volume":"65","author":"R Davis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis R, Brown PD. Multiple antibiotic resistance index, fitness and virulence potential in respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Jamaica. J Med Microbiol. 2016;65(4):261\u201371.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"770_CR42","first-page":"6325","volume":"10","author":"S Riaz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riaz S, Faisal M, Hasnain S. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) calculation of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in Pakistan. Afr J Biotech. 2011;10(33):6325\u201331.","journal-title":"Afr J Biotech"},{"key":"770_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S230303","volume":"12","author":"A Mirzaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirzaei A, Habibi M, Bouzari S, Karam MRA. Characterization of antibiotic-susceptibility patterns, virulence factor profiles and clonal relatedness in Proteus mirabilis isolates from patients with urinary tract infection in Iran. Infect Drug Resist J. 2019;12:3967.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist J"},{"issue":"2896","key":"770_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.579389","volume":"11","author":"A Filipiak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Filipiak A, Chrapek M, Literacka E, Wawszczak M, Gluszek S, Majchrzak M, Wrobel G, Lysek-Gladysinska M, Gniadkowski M, Adamus-Bialek W. Pathogenic factors correlate with antimicrobial resistance among clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains. Front Microbiol. 2020;11(2896): 579389.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"770_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28846-0","volume":"152","author":"V Sosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sosa V, Schlapp G, Zunino P. Proteus mirabilis isolates of different origins do not show correlation with virulence attributes and can colonize the urinary tract of mice. Microbiology. 2006;152(Pt 7):2149\u201357.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02372-w","volume":"16","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Wen S, Zhao L, Xia Q, Pan Y, Liu H, Wei C, Chen H, Ge J, Wang H. Association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from diarrhetic animals in Northeast China. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16(1):176\u2013176.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"770_CR47","first-page":"85","volume":"3","author":"KF Abbas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbas KF, Jawad K, Khafaji A, Maysaa S, Shukri A. Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Proteus mirabilis isolated from Hillaprovince. Int J Res Studies Biosci. 2015;3:85\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Res Studies Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"770_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.14196\/mjiri.32.53","volume":"32","author":"M Honardoost","year":"2018","unstructured":"Honardoost M, Rajabpour A, Vakili L. Molecular epidemiology; new but impressive. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2018;32(1):53.","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"770_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-015-1185-z","volume":"66","author":"F Ghazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghazi F, Kihal M, Altay N, G\u00fcrakan GC. Comparison of RAPD-PCR and PFGE analysis for the typing of Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from traditional Turkish yogurts. Annal Microbiol J. 2016;66:1013\u201326.","journal-title":"Annal Microbiol J"},{"key":"770_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801711010152","volume":"11","author":"R Barwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barwa R, Shaaban M. Molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with elevated resistance to carbapenems. Open Microbiol J. 2017;11:152\u20139.","journal-title":"Open Microbiol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"770_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3216-3226.2002","volume":"70","author":"M Bingen-Bidois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bingen-Bidois M, Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Terki M, Brahimi N, Loukil C, Barraud D, Bingen E. Phylogenetic analysis and prevalence of urosepsis strains of Escherichia coli bearing pathogenicity island-like domains. Infect Immunity J. 2002;70(6):3216\u201326.","journal-title":"Infect Immunity J"},{"issue":"4","key":"770_CR52","first-page":"2291","volume":"8","author":"MA Ardakani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ardakani MA, Ranjbar R. Molecular typing of uropathogenic E coli strains by the ERIC-PCR method. Electron Phys. 2016;8(4):2291\u20136.","journal-title":"Electron Phys"},{"key":"770_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100637","volume":"19","author":"Z Pishbin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pishbin Z, Mehrabian S. Molecular analysis of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine samples using ERIC-PCR. Gene Reports J. 2020;19: 100637.","journal-title":"Gene Reports J"},{"key":"770_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351634","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1351634","volume":"2018","author":"LM Bilung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilung LM, Pui CF, Su\u2019ut L, Apun K. Evaluation of BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR as molecular typing tools for pathogenic Leptospir. Dis Markers. 2018;2018:1351634\u20131351634.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T11:09:56Z","timestamp":1736939396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-024-00770-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura University (code:2021- 233).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal. The content of this article has not been published elsewhere and is not currently under review or consideration by any other publisher or journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}