{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:38:14Z","timestamp":1794245894011,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cancer"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T14:13:49Z","timestamp":1767104029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gut microbiota reshaping the pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment: new avenues for immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shi-Hang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Zhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Dong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2513_CR1","first-page":"17","volume":"73","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73:17\u201348.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2513_CR2","first-page":"2008","volume":"395","author":"JD Mizrahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mizrahi JD, Surana R, Valle JW, Shroff RT. Pancreat Cancer Lancet. 2020;395:2008\u201320.","journal-title":"Pancreat Cancer Lancet"},{"key":"2513_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1588","volume":"5","author":"EM O\u2019Reilly","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly EM, Oh DY, Dhani N, Renouf DJ, Lee MA, Sun W, Fisher G, Hezel A, Chang SC, Vlahovic G, Takahashi O, Yang Y, Fitts D, Philip PA. Durvalumab with or without Tremelimumab for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5:1431\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e31829fb7a2","volume":"36","author":"DT Le","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le DT, Lutz E, Uram JN, Sugar EA, Onners B, Solt S, Zheng L, Diaz LA Jr., Donehower RC, Jaffee EM, Laheru DA. Evaluation of ipilimumab in combination with allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with a GM-CSF gene in previously treated pancreatic cancer. J Immunother. 2013;36:382\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"2513_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_175232","volume":"37","author":"GL Beatty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beatty GL, Eghbali S, Kim R. Deploying immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: defining mechanisms of response and resistance. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2017;37:267\u201378.","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"2513_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0363-5","volume":"17","author":"WJ Ho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho WJ, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - clinical challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2020;17:527\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6918","volume":"359","author":"L Zitvogel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zitvogel L, Ma Y, Raoult D, Kroemer G, Gajewski TF. The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Science. 2018;359:1366\u201370.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01326-2","author":"M Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie M, Li X, Lau HC, Yu J. The gut microbiota in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01326-2.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2024.12.005","volume":"395","author":"SP Murakonda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Murakonda SP, Balusu S, Chava H, Murakonda AB, Polneedi R, Bodduluri S, Gupta SC, Challagundla KB. Influence of gut microbiota on systemic immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2025;395:23\u201366.","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2513_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0377-7","volume":"25","author":"BA Helmink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Helmink BA, Khan MAW, Hermann A, Gopalakrishnan V, Wargo JA. The microbiome, cancer, and cancer therapy. Nat Med. 2019;25:377\u201388.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2513_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359251324882","volume":"17","author":"H Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng H, Guo H, Wen C, Sun G, Tang F, Li Y. The dual role of gut microbiota in pancreatic cancer: new insights into onset and treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025;17:17588359251324882.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1134","volume":"8","author":"S Pushalkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pushalkar S, Hundeyin M, Daley D, Zambirinis CP, Kurz E, Mishra A, et al. The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:403\u201316.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2513_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2112881","volume":"14","author":"Q Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Q, Newsome RC, Beveridge M, Hernandez MC, Gharaibeh RZ, Jobin C, et al. Intestinal microbiota modulates pancreatic carcinogenesis through intratumoral natural killer cells. Gut Microbes. 2022;14:2112881.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051240","author":"Y Chai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chai Y, Huang Z, Shen X, Lin T, Zhang Y, Feng X, et al. Microbiota regulates pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis through altered immune response. Microorganisms. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11051240.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2513_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riquelme E, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Montiel M, Zoltan M, Dong W, Quesada P, Sahin I, Chandra V, San Lucas A, Scheet P, Xu H, Hanash SM, Feng L, Burks JK, Do KA, Peterson CB, Nejman D, Tzeng CD, Kim MP, Sears CL, Ajami N, Petrosino J, Wood LD, Maitra A, Straussman R, Katz M, White JR, Jenq R, Wargo J, McAllister F. Tumor microbiome diversity and composition influence pancreatic cancer outcomes. Cell. 2019;178:795\u2013806 e712.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.008"},{"key":"2513_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.01.244","volume":"168","author":"D Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang D, Sun X, Wang H, Wistuba II, Wang H, Maitra A, et al. TREM2 depletion in pancreatic cancer elicits pathogenic inflammation and accelerates tumor progression via enriching IL-1beta(+) macrophages. Gastroenterology. 2025;168:1153\u201369.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2513_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","volume":"359","author":"B Routy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CPM, Alou MT, Daillere R, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018;359:91\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11557-z","volume":"23","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Yi B, Tang Z, Chen X, Li M, Xu T, et al. Lactobacillus casei combined with Lactobacillus reuteri alleviate pancreatic cancer by inhibiting TLR4 to promote macrophage M1 polarization and regulate gut microbial homeostasis. BMC Cancer. 2023;23:1044.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2513_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5931","author":"C Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma C, Han M, Heinrich B, Fu Q, Zhang Q, Sandhu M, et al. Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells. Science. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan5931.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033","volume":"139","author":"II Ivanov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, Brodie EL, Shima T, Karaoz U, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell. 2009;139:485\u201398.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2513_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0878-z","volume":"565","author":"T Tanoue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanoue T, Morita S, Plichta DR, Skelly AN, Suda W, Sugiura Y, et al. A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity. Nature. 2019;565:600\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2513_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100928","volume":"43","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhou Q, Ye F, Yang C, Jiang H. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote prostate cancer progression via inducing cancer cell autophagy and M2 macrophage polarization. Neoplasia. 2023;43:100928.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2513_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2470372","volume":"17","author":"Y Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang Y, Du M, Li X, Gao J, Li Q, Li H, et al. Upregulation of Lactobacillus spp. in gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for environmental eustress-induced anti-pancreatic cancer effects. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2470372.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32205","volume":"117","author":"CM Paulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paulos CM, Wrzesinski C, Kaiser A, Hinrichs CS, Chieppa M, Cassard L, et al. Microbial translocation augments the function of adoptively transferred self\/tumor-specific CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells via TLR4 signaling. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:2197\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2513_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uribe-Herranz M, Bittinger K, Rafail S, Guedan S, Pierini S, Tanes C, Ganetsky A, Morgan MA, Gill S, Tanyi JL, Bushman FD, June CH, Facciabene A. Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8alpha dendritic cells and IL-12. JCI Insight. 2018;3.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94952"},{"key":"2513_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.06.006","volume":"112","author":"Y Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng Y, Yang J, Qian J, Liu R, Huang E, Wang Y, et al. TLR1\/TLR2 signaling blocks the suppression of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell by promoting its differentiation into M1-type macrophage. Mol Immunol. 2019;112:266\u201373.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","volume":"124","author":"S Akira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell. 2006;124:783\u2013801.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2513_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2012.09.003","volume":"24","author":"D Walsh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walsh D, McCarthy J, O\u2019Driscoll C, Melgar S. Pattern recognition receptors\u2013molecular orchestrators of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2013;24:91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2513_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang P, Watari K, Karin M. Innate immune cells link dietary cues to normal and abnormal metabolic regulation. Nat Immunol. 2025;26(1):29\u201341.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02037-y"},{"key":"2513_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13865","volume":"174","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Jing Z, Luo X. Expression of RAG and secondary gene rearrangement of BCR in mature peripheral B lymphocytes in Takayasu arteritis. Immunology. 2025;174:92\u20139.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2513_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1992-2000.1999","volume":"67","author":"GL Talham","year":"1999","unstructured":"Talham GL, Jiang HQ, Bos NA, Cebra JJ. Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system. Infect Immun. 1999;67:1992\u20132000.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2513_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103223","volume":"188","author":"AC Lundell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lundell AC, Bjornsson V, Ljung A, Ceder M, Johansen S, Lindhagen G, et al. Infant B cell memory differentiation and early gut bacterial colonization. J Immunol. 2012;188:4315\u201322.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.435","volume":"118","author":"JJ Goedert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goedert JJ, Hua X, Bielecka A, Okayasu I, Milne GL, Jones GS, et al. Postmenopausal breast cancer and oestrogen associations with the IgA-coated and IgA-noncoated faecal microbiota. Br J Cancer. 2018;118:471\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2513_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1299311","volume":"8","author":"M Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M, Kim CH. Regulation of humoral immunity by gut microbial products. Gut Microbes. 2017;8:392\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243364","volume":"342","author":"AA Kruglov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kruglov AA, Grivennikov SI, Kuprash DV, Winsauer C, Prepens S, Seleznik GM, Eberl G, Littman DR, Heikenwalder M, Tumanov AV, Nedospasov SA. Nonredundant function of soluble LTalpha3 produced by innate lymphoid cells in intestinal homeostasis. Science. 2013;342:1243\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.12.009","volume":"17","author":"JL Kubinak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kubinak JL, Petersen C, Stephens WZ, Soto R, Bake E, O\u2019Connell RM, et al. MyD88 signaling in T cells directs IgA-mediated control of the microbiota to promote health. Cell Host Microbe. 2015;17:153\u201363.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"2513_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.001","volume":"20","author":"M Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim M, Qie Y, Park J, Kim CH. Gut microbial metabolites fuel host antibody responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;20(2):202\u201314.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2513_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00128-19","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Bai Y, Zhou J, Huang W, Yan J, Tao J, et al. Core fucosylation of maternal milk N-glycan evokes B cell activation by selectively promoting the l-fucose metabolism of gut Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. mBio. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00128-19.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2513_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266071","volume":"17","author":"B Foh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foh B, Buhre JS, Lunding HB, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Konig P, Sina C, et al. Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes induction of IL-10\u2009+\u2009IgM\u2009+\u2009plasma cells. PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0266071.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2513_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115773","volume":"168","author":"S Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu S, Gao Y, Ma J, Yan Q. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids functions in the biology of B lymphocytes: from differentiation to antibody formation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;168:115773.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2513_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3680","volume":"20","author":"EC Rosser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosser EC, Oleinika K, Tonon S, Doyle R, Bosma A, Carter NA, et al. Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota-driven interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 production. Nat Med. 2014;20:1334\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2513_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1603293","volume":"15","author":"U Daniluk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Daniluk U, Swidnicka-Siergiejko A, Daniluk J, Rusak M, Dabrowska M, Guzinska-Ustymowicz K, et al. The development of pancreatic cancer is accompanied by significant changes in the immune response in genetically predisposed mice. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1603293.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050193","volume":"202","author":"KI Happel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Happel KI, Dubin PJ, Zheng M, Ghilardi N, Lockhart C, Quinton LJ, et al. Divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Exp Med. 2005;202:761\u20139.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2513_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06764","volume":"452","author":"JD Milner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milner JD, Brenchley JM, Laurence A, Freeman AF, Hill BJ, Elias KM, et al. Impaired T(H)17 cell differentiation in subjects with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome. Nature. 2008;452:773\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2513_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1166860","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Xiang S, Pan W, Wang J, Zhan H, Liu S. Targeting tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: current research and future perspective. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1166860.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1582305","volume":"16","author":"D Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan D, Li X, Qiao X, Wang Q. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1582305.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217662","volume":"619","author":"T Enzler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Enzler T, Frankel TL. Pancreatic cancer precursor lesions - can immunotherapy prevent progression into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Cancer Lett. 2025;619:217662.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2513_CR48","first-page":"5702","volume":"8","author":"X Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang L, Mo Q, Dong Y, Wang G, Ji A. Changes of Th17\/Treg cell and related cytokines in pancreatic cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8:5702\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2513_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107726","volume":"215","author":"M Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang M, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yu X, Luo S, Peng X, et al. Gut microbiota reshapes the TNBC immune microenvironment: emerging immunotherapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res. 2025;215:107726.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2513_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2486519","volume":"17","author":"M Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang M, Ji Q, Huang H, Wang X, Wang L. Gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy: immune microenvironment remodeling and gut microbiota modification. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2486519.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100096","volume":"65","author":"L Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang D, Ke Y, Zeng X. Propionate and butyrate produced by gut microbiota after probiotic supplementation attenuate lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021;65:e2100096.","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2513_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO04807A","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Dong T, Tao M, Zhao H, Lan T, Yan S, et al. Fucoidan enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by regulating gut microbiota. Food Funct. 2024;15:3463\u201378.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2513_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909122107","volume":"107","author":"JL Round","year":"2010","unstructured":"Round JL, Mazmanian SK. Inducible Foxp3\u2009+\u2009regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:12204\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2513_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.06.003","volume":"30","author":"M St Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"St Paul M, Ohashi PS. The roles of CD8(+) T cell subsets in antitumor immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 2020;30:695\u2013704.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"75","key":"2513_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abn0704","volume":"7","author":"G Mirji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirji G, Worth A, Bhat SA, Sayed ME, Kannan T, Goldman AR, et al. The microbiome-derived metabolite TMAO drives immune activation and boosts responses to immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer. Sci Immunol. 2022;7(75):eabn0704.","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24331-1","volume":"12","author":"M Luu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luu M, Riester Z, Baldrich A, Reichardt N, Yuille S, Busetti A, et al. Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8(+) T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. Nat Commun. 2021;12:4077.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2513_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601462","volume":"198","author":"MM Martinic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinic MM, Caminschi I, O\u2019Keeffe M, Thinnes TC, Grumont R, Gerondakis S, et al. The bacterial peptidoglycan-sensing molecules NOD1 and NOD2 promote CD8(+) thymocyte selection. J Immunol. 2017;198:2649\u201360.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192282","author":"Y Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zheng W, Yang K, Harris KG, Ni K, Xue L, et al. Intratumoral accumulation of gut microbiota facilitates CD47-based immunotherapy via STING signaling. J Exp Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20192282.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2513_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101222","volume":"80","author":"H Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu H, Liu J, Zhang XH, Jin S, Li P, Liu H, et al. The combination of flaxseed lignans and PD-1\/ PD-L1 inhibitor inhibits breast cancer growth via modulating gut microbiome and host immunity. Drug Resist Updat. 2025;80:101222.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2513_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.001","volume":"155","author":"V Sethi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sethi V, Kurtom S, Tarique M, Lavania S, Malchiodi Z, Hellmund L, Zhang L, Sharma U, Giri B, Garg B, Ferrantella A, Vickers SM, Banerjee S, Dawra R, Roy S, Ramakrishnan S, Saluja A, Dudeja V. Gut microbiota promotes tumor growth in mice by modulating immune response. Gastroenterology. 2018;155:33\u20137. e36.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2513_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awad D, Attebury H, Hong R, Kim K, Zhang L, Bischoff A, deDekker A, Hoostal M, Nieto Carrion JA, Nelson NS, Strayhorn C, Frankel T, di Magliano MP, Lyssiotis CA, Schmidt TM, Daley D. Isolation and characterization of microbiota from human pancreatic tumors and small intestine. bioRxiv. 2024:2024.11.27.625762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.11.27.625762.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.27.625762"},{"key":"2513_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2677","volume":"23","author":"DJ Messenheimer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Messenheimer DJ, Jensen SM, Afentoulis ME, Wegmann KW, Feng Z, Friedman DJ, et al. Timing of PD-1 blockade is critical to effective combination immunotherapy with anti-OX40. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:6165\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2513_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0316-z","volume":"6","author":"J Gong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gong J, Chehrazi-Raffle A, Reddi S, Salgia R. Development of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors as a form of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of registration trials and future considerations. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6:8.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2513_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1734","volume":"271","author":"DR Leach","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leach DR, Krummel MF, Allison JP. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade. Science. 1996;271:1734\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.785422","volume":"13","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhu N, Zheng X, Liu Y, Lu H, Yin X, et al. Intratumor microbiome analysis identifies positive association between Megasphaera and survival of Chinese patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol. 2022;13:785422.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1275374","volume":"14","author":"S Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan S, Banerjee G, Setua S, Jones DH, Chauhan BV, Dhasmana A, et al. Metagenomic analysis unveils the microbial landscape of pancreatic tumors. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1275374.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2513_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447821","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2447821","volume":"17","author":"B Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo B, An Q, Lei J, Tan D, Liu X, Li H, Zhao Y, Qin J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shi C. Resveratrol amplifies the anti-tumor effect of alpha-PD-1 by altering the intestinal Microbiome and PGD2 content. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2447821.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02453-x","volume":"29","author":"B Routy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Routy B, Lenehan JG, Miller WH Jr., Jamal R, Messaoudene M, Daisley BA, Hes C, Al KF, Martinez-Gili L, Puncochar M, Ernst S, Logan D, Belanger K, Esfahani K, Richard C, Ninkov M, Piccinno G, Armanini F, Pinto F, Krishnamoorthy M, Figueredo R, Thebault P, Takis P, Magrill J, Ramsay L, Derosa L, Marchesi JR, Parvathy SN, Elkrief A, Watson IR, Lapointe R, Segata N, Haeryfar SMM, Mullish BH, Silverman MS, Burton JP. Maleki Vareki, fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial. Nat Med. 2023;29:2121\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2513_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","volume":"371","author":"D Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar D, Dzutsev AK, McCulloch JA, Rodrigues RR, Chauvin JM, Morrison RM, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients. Science. 2021;371:595\u2013602.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullern A, Holm K, Rossevold AH, Andresen NK, Bang C, Lingjaerde OC, Naume B, Hov JR, Kyte JA. Gut microbiota diversity is prognostic and associated with benefit from chemo-immunotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol. 2025;19:1229\u201343.","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13760"},{"key":"2513_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0650-9","volume":"7","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wang T, Tu X, Huang Y, Zhang H, Tan D, et al. Gut microbiome affects the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7:193.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2513_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217975","volume":"632","author":"C Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma C, Awosika JA, Monge C, Coffman-D\u2019Annibale K, Xie C, Skorupan N, et al. Altering the gut microbiome and tumor microenvironment in advanced liver cancer: a phase II study of nivolumab, tadalafil and oral vancomycin in patients with refractory primary hepatocellular carcinoma or liver dominant metastatic cancer from colorectal or pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett. 2025;632:217975.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2513_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1547964","volume":"16","author":"W Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song W, Liu J, Yang J, Chen T, Zhu J, Liu X. Colonizable probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei R3 enhances ICI therapy via modulating PBMCs differentiation. Front Microbiol. 2025;16:1547964.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2513_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202403295RR","volume":"39","author":"J Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu J, Qin S, Gu R, Ji S, Wu G, Gu K. Amuc_1434 from Akkermansia muciniphila enhances CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 in colorectal cancer. FASEB J. 2025;39:e70540.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2513_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061466","author":"KNL McKinley","year":"2023","unstructured":"McKinley KNL, Herremans KM, Riner AN, Vudatha V, Freudenberger DC, Hughes SJ, et al. Translocation of oral microbiota into the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Microorganisms. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11061466.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2513_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1366131","volume":"15","author":"Y Xin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xin Y, Peng G, Song W, Zhou X, Huang X, Cao X. Gut microbiota as a prognostic biomarker for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Front Genet. 2024;15:1366131.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2513_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-042020-042741","volume":"16","author":"S Bagchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bagchi S, Yuan R, Engleman EG. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: clinical impact and mechanisms of response and resistance. Annu Rev Pathol. 2021;16:223\u201349.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"2513_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02511","volume":"40","author":"IM Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen IM, Johansen JS, Theile S, Hjaltelin JX, Novitski SI, Brunak S, et al. Randomized phase II study of nivolumab with or without ipilimumab combined with stereotactic body radiotherapy for refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer (CheckPAC). J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:3180\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00369-2","volume":"23","author":"KA Reiss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reiss KA, Mick R, Teitelbaum U, O\u2019Hara M, Schneider C, Massa R, Karasic T, Tondon R, Onyiah C, Gosselin MK, Donze A, Domchek SM, Vonderheide RH. Niraparib plus nivolumab or niraparib plus ipilimumab in patients with platinum-sensitive advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomised, phase 1b\/2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:1009\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806075105","volume":"105","author":"CI Liakou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liakou CI, Kamat A, Tang DN, Chen H, Sun J, Troncoso P, et al. CTLA-4 blockade increases IFNgamma-producing CD4\u2009+\u2009ICOShi cells to shift the ratio of effector to regulatory T cells in cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:14987\u201392.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2513_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813175106","volume":"106","author":"H Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen H, Liakou CI, Kamat A, Pettaway C, Ward JF, Tang DN, Sun J, Jungbluth AA, Troncoso P, Logothetis C, Sharma P. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy results in higher CD4\u2009+\u2009ICOShi T cell frequency and IFN-gamma levels in both nonmalignant and malignant prostate tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2729\u201334.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2513_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082492","volume":"206","author":"KS Peggs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peggs KS, Quezada SA, Chambers CA, Korman AJ, Allison JP. Blockade of CTLA-4 on both effector and regulatory T cell compartments contributes to the antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. J Exp Med. 2009;206:1717\u201325.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2513_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080099","volume":"205","author":"SA Quezada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Simpson TR, Shen Y, Littman DR, Allison JP. Limited tumor infiltration by activated T effector cells restricts the therapeutic activity of regulatory T cell depletion against established melanoma. J Exp Med. 2008;205:2125\u201338.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2513_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad1329","volume":"350","author":"M Vetizou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vetizou M, Pitt JM, Daillere R, Lepage P, Waldschmitt N, Flament C, et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science. 2015;350:1079\u201384.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1132137","volume":"6","author":"JM Pitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitt JM, Vetizou M, Gomperts Boneca I, Lepage P, Chamaillard M, Zitvogel L. Enhancing the clinical coverage and anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade through manipulation of the gut microbiota. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1132137.","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2513_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz224","volume":"30","author":"N Chaput","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaput N, Lepage P, Coutzac C, Soularue E, Le Roux K, Monot C, et al. Baseline gut microbiota predicts clinical response and colitis in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:2012.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1244752","volume":"14","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Liu J, Li H, Huang B, Zhang B, Song B, et al. Integrated multi-omics identified the novel intratumor microbiome-derived subtypes and signature to predict the outcome, tumor microenvironment heterogeneity, and immunotherapy response for pancreatic cancer patients. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1244752.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2513_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16079-x","volume":"11","author":"C Coutzac","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coutzac C, Jouniaux JM, Paci A, Schmidt J, Mallardo D, Seck A, et al. Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2168.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2513_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8172","volume":"348","author":"P Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma P, Allison JP. The future of immune checkpoint therapy. Science. 2015;348:56\u201361.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0703-z","volume":"41","author":"O Met","year":"2019","unstructured":"Met O, Jensen KM, Chamberlain CA, Donia M, Svane IM. Principles of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer. Semin Immunopathol. 2019;41:49\u201358.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2513_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu D, Kim WJ, Lee H, Bao X, Kim P. Engineering CAR-T therapeutics for enhanced solid tumor targeting. Adv Mater. 2025;37(23):e2414882.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414882"},{"key":"2513_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00753-0","volume":"8","author":"S Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park S, Maus MV, Choi BD. CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024;8:279.","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7","volume":"11","author":"RC Sterner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sterner RC, Sterner RM. CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11:69.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"2513_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.01.012","volume":"31","author":"M Uribe-Herranz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uribe-Herranz M, Beghi S, Ruella M, Parvathaneni K, Salaris S, Kostopoulos N, et al. Modulation of the gut microbiota engages antigen cross-presentation to enhance antitumor effects of CAR T cell immunotherapy. Mol Ther. 2023;31:686\u2013700.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2513_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2307542","volume":"16","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu X, Ou J, Wang L, Li Z, Ren Y, Xie L, et al. Gut microbiota modulate CD8(+) T cell immunity in gastric cancer through butyrate\/GPR109A\/HOPX. Gut Microbes. 2024;16:2307542.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2513_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seminoncol.2025.152411","volume":"52","author":"DA Guirguis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guirguis DA, Hasan F, Morris N, Alabd A, Tawfik PMS, Pramanik K, et al. Tumor tough, therapy smarter: rethinking CAR-T for pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2025;52:152411.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2513_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2024.10.008","volume":"144","author":"K Baghel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baghel K, Mehrotra S, Prajapati VK. Revolutionizing pancreatic cancer treatment with CAR-T therapy. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2025;144:331\u201353.","journal-title":"Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol"},{"key":"2513_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran TM, Chand Thakuri BK, Nurmukhambetova S, Lee JJ, Hu P, Tran NQ, Steimle B, Dash P, Schneider D. Armored TGFbetaRIIDN ROR1-CAR T cells reject solid tumors and resist suppression by constitutively-expressed and treatment-induced TGFbeta1. J Immunother Cancer. 2024;12(4):e008261.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008261"},{"key":"2513_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128151","volume":"10","author":"DC Deniger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deniger DC, Yu J, Huls MH, Figliola MJ, Mi T, Maiti SN, Widhopf GF 2nd, Hurton LV, Thokala R, Singh H, Olivares S, Champlin RE, Wierda WG, Kipps TJ, Cooper LJ. Sleeping beauty transposition of chimeric antigen receptors targeting receptor tyrosine Kinase-Like orphan receptor-1 (ROR1) into diverse memory T-Cell populations. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0128151.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2513_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm7759","volume":"377","author":"TA Suzuki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suzuki TA, Fitzstevens JL, Schmidt VT, Enav H, Huus KE, Mbong Ngwese M, et al. Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans. Science. 2022;377:1328\u201332.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Q, Liang Q, Balakrishnan B, Belobrajdic DP, Feng QJ, Zhang W. Role of dietary nutrients in the modulation of gut microbiota: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):381.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020381"},{"key":"2513_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0334","volume":"14","author":"C He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He C, Wang D, Shukla SK, Hu T, Thakur R, Fu X, et al. Vitamin B6 competition in the tumor microenvironment hampers antitumor functions of NK cells. Cancer Discov. 2024;14:176\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2513_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051023","author":"M Mazhar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mazhar M, Zhu Y, Qin L. The interplay of dietary fibers and intestinal microbiota affects type 2 diabetes by generating short-chain fatty acids. Foods. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12051023.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2513_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211","author":"W Fusco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fusco W, Lorenzo MB, Cintoni M, Porcari S, Rinninella E, Kaitsas F, et al. Short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria: key components of the human gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15092211.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2513_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionita-Mindrican CB, Ziani K, Mititelu M, Oprea E, Neacsu SM, Morosan E, Dumitrescu DE, Rosca AC, Draganescu D, Negrei C. Therapeutic benefits and dietary restrictions of fiber intake: a state of the art review. Nutrients. 2022;14(13):2641.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132641"},{"key":"2513_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.916765","volume":"13","author":"G Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen G, Shi F, Yin W, Guo Y, Liu A, Shuai J, et al. Gut microbiota dysbiosis: the potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:916765.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2513_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federici M, Menghini R, Microbiome G. Microbial metabolites and cardiometabolic risk. Cham: Springer; 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35064-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35064-1"},{"key":"2513_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B, Kong Q, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. A High-Fat diet increases gut microbiota biodiversity and energy expenditure due to nutrient difference. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3197.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103197"},{"key":"2513_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-018-0541-8","volume":"9","author":"F Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang F, Cui B, He X, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D. -s.S. Group, microbiota transplantation: concept, methodology and strategy for its modernization. Protein Cell. 2018;9:462\u201373.","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2513_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.08.011","volume":"118","author":"JW Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang JW, Kuo CH, Kuo FC, Wang YK, Hsu WH, Yu FJ, Hu HM, Hsu PI, Wang JY, Wu DC. Fecal microbiota transplantation: review and update. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(1):S23\u201331.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2513_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.009","volume":"52","author":"KO Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KO, Gluck M. Fecal microbiota transplantation: an update on clinical practice. Clin Endosc. 2019;52:137\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"2513_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0238-9","volume":"24","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wiesnoski DH, Helmink BA, Gopalakrishnan V, Choi K, DuPont HL, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. Nat Med. 2018;24:1804\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2513_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, Seifan M, Mohkam M, Masoumi SJ, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y. Prebiotics. Definition, types, sources, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Foods. 2019;8(3):92.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8030092"},{"key":"2513_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01030-06","volume":"74","author":"K Shoaf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shoaf K, Mulvey GL, Armstrong GD, Hutkins RW. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides reduce adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to tissue culture cells. Infect Immun. 2006;74:6920\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2513_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO00830G","volume":"12","author":"SA Verkhnyatskaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verkhnyatskaya SA, Kong C, Klostermann CE, Schols HA, de Vos P, Walvoort MTC. Digestion, fermentation, and pathogen anti-adhesive properties of the hMO-mimic di-fucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Food Funct. 2021;12:5018\u201326.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2513_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153779","author":"R Abdul Rahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdul Rahman R, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG. The microbiome as a potential target for therapeutic manipulation in pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13153779.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2513_CR117","first-page":"590","volume":"54","author":"A Olah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olah A, Belagyi T, Poto L, Romics L Jr., Bengmark S. Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Hepatogastroenterology. 2007;54:590\u20134.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2513_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09725","volume":"8","author":"BA Tegegne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tegegne BA, Kebede B. Probiotics, their prophylactic and therapeutic applications in human health development: a review of the literature. Heliyon. 2022;8:e09725.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2513_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobocki BK, Kazmierczak-Siedlecka K, Folwarski M, Hawrylkowicz V, Makarewicz W, Stachowska E. Pancreatic cancer and gut microbiome-related aspects: a comprehensive review and dietary recommendations. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4425.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124425"},{"key":"2513_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0439-x","volume":"25","author":"J Suez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suez J, Zmora N, Segal E, Elinav E. The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics. Nat Med. 2019;25:716\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2513_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer CN, McQuade JL, Gopalakrishnan V, McCulloch JA, Vetizou M, Cogdill AP, Khan MAW, Zhang X, White MG, Peterson CB, Wong MC, Morad G, Rodgers T, Badger JH, Helmink BA, Andrews MC, Rodrigues RR, Morgun A, Kim YS, Roszik J, Hoffman KL, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Medik YB, Kahn LM, Johnson S, Hudgens CW, Wani K, Gaudreau PO, Harris AL, Jamal MA, Baruch EN, Perez-Guijarro E, Day CP, Merlino G, Pazdrak B, Lochmann BS, Szczepaniak-Sloane RA, Arora R, Anderson J, Zobniw CM, Posada E, Sirmans E, Simon J, Haydu LE, Burton EM, Wang L, Dang M, Clise-Dwyer K, Schneider S, Chapman T, Anang NAS, Duncan S, Toker J, Malke JC, Glitza IC, Amaria RN, Tawbi HA, Diab A, Wong MK, Patel SP, Woodman SE, Davies MA, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Hwu P, Jensen V, Samuels Y, Straussman R, Ajami NJ, Nelson KC, Nezi L, Petrosino JF, Futreal PA, Lazar AJ, Hu J, Jenq RR, Tetzlaff MT, Yan Y, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Sharma P, Watowich SS, Allison JP, Cohen L, Trinchieri G. C.R. Daniel, J.A. Wargo. Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response. Science. 2021;374:632\u20131640.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7015"},{"key":"2513_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.05.006","volume":"78","author":"DJ Pinato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinato DJ. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis as a putative actionable driver of cancer immunity in renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2020;78:207\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2513_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4255","volume":"350","author":"A Sivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivan A, Corrales L, Hubert N, Williams JB, Aquino-Michaels K, Earley ZM, et al. Commensal bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science. 2015;350:1084\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2513_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-019-0225-x","volume":"8","author":"J Gong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gong J, Chehrazi-Raffle A, Placencio-Hickok V, Guan M, Hendifar A, Salgia R. The gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical and clinical strategies. Clin Transl Med. 2019;8:9.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"2513_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullern A, Holm K, Rossevold AH, Andresen NK, Bang C, Lingjaerde OC, Naume B, Hov JR, Kyte JA. Gut microbiota diversity is prognostic and associated with benefit from chemo-immunotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol. 2025;19(4):1229\u201343.","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13760"},{"key":"2513_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.670286","volume":"12","author":"ML Schubert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schubert ML, Rohrbach R, Schmitt M, Stein-Thoeringer CK. The potential role of the intestinal micromilieu and individual microbes in the immunobiology of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:670286.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1114499","volume":"14","author":"A Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh A, Alexander SG, Martin S. Gut microbiome homeostasis and the future of probiotics in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1114499.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2513_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i14.2078","volume":"29","author":"S Roy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roy S, Dhaneshwar S. Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29:2078\u2013100.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2513_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073896","author":"H Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han H, Zhang Y, Tang H, Zhou T, Khan A. A review of the use of native and engineered probiotics for colorectal cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25073896.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Molecular Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:02:32Z","timestamp":1767106952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02513-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All of the authors are aware of and agree to the content of the paper and their being listed as a co-author of the paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"313"}}