{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T22:34:05Z","timestamp":1794436445203,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cancer"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T11:38:47Z","timestamp":1772278727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling decodes lineage plasticity and immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer progression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingcong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuyong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2617_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811044","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811044","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Lu B, He M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Du L. Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Global Status and Temporal Trends in 89 Countries From 2000 to 2019. Front Public Health. 2022;10:811044.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR2","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002108","volume":"135","author":"C Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia C, Dong X, Li H, et al. Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022;135(5):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2023.02.003","volume":"21","author":"J Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang J, Chan EO, Liu X, et al. Global Trends of Prostate Cancer by Age, and Their Associations With Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), Smoking, and Alcohol Drinking. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2023;21(4):e261\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0567","volume":"17","author":"G Attard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Attard G, Richards J, de Bono JS. New strategies in metastatic prostate cancer: targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(7):1649\u201357.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1174","volume":"7","author":"M Zou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou M, Toivanen R, Mitrofanova A, et al. Transdifferentiation as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance in a Mouse Model of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov. 2017;7(7):736\u201349.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"10","key":"2617_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128212","volume":"129","author":"MP Labrecque","year":"2019","unstructured":"Labrecque MP, Coleman IM, Brown LG, et al. Molecular profiling stratifies diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4492\u2013505.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"2617_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00838-6","volume":"5","author":"R Romero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romero R, Chu T, Robles TJG, et al. The neuroendocrine transition in prostate cancer is dynamic and dependent on ASCL1. Nat Cancer. 2024;5(11):1641\u201359.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.12.039","volume":"81","author":"Q Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng Q, Butler W, Zhou Y, et al. Pre-existing Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer-like Cells in Primary Prostate Cancer Promote Resistance to Hormonal Therapy. Eur Urol. 2022;81(5):446\u201355.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2617_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00911-1","volume":"53","author":"SZ Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu SZ, Al-Eryani G, Roden DL, et al. A single-cell and spatially resolved atlas of human breast cancers. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1334\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54364-1","volume":"15","author":"A Kiviaho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiviaho A, Eerola SK, Kallio HML, et al. Single cell and spatial transcriptomics highlight the interaction of club-like cells with immunosuppressive myeloid cells in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):9949.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"2617_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2305724","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305724","volume":"11","author":"X Bian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bian X, Wang W, Abudurexiti M, et al. Integration Analysis of Single-Cell Multi-Omics Reveals Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;11(18):e2305724.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36325-2","volume":"14","author":"T Hirz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirz T, Mei S, Sarkar H, et al. Dissecting the immune suppressive human prostate tumor microenvironment via integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):663.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01409-2","volume":"19","author":"L Moses","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moses L, Pachter L. Museum of spatial transcriptomics. Nat Methods. 2022;19(5):534\u201346.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"2617_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00580-2","volume":"24","author":"K Vandereyken","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vandereyken K, Sifrim A, Thienpont B, Voet T. Methods and applications for single-cell and spatial multi-omics. Nat Rev Genet. 2023;24(8):494\u2013515.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01597-7","volume":"21","author":"I Heidegger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidegger I, Fotakis G, Offermann A, et al. Comprehensive characterization of the prostate tumor microenvironment identifies CXCR4\/CXCL12 crosstalk as a novel antiangiogenic therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer. 2022;21(1):132.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104576","volume":"25","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wang T, Hong D, et al. Single-cell transcriptional regulation and genetic evolution of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. iScience. 2022;25(7):104576.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01264-9","volume":"19","author":"X Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma X, Guo J, Liu K, et al. Identification of a distinct luminal subgroup diagnosing and stratifying early stage prostate cancer by tissue-based single-cell RNA sequencing. Mol Cancer. 2020;19(1):147.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"28","key":"2617_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2322203121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322203121","volume":"121","author":"S Zaidi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zaidi S, Park J, Chan JM, et al. Single-cell analysis of treatment-resistant prostate cancer: Implications of cell state changes for cell surface antigen-targeted therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121(28):e2322203121.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2617_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen RM, Stark JC, Marti GEW et al. Sialylated glycoproteins suppress immune cell killing by binding to Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2024;134(24):e180282.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180282"},{"issue":"10","key":"2617_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8955","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108955","volume":"24","author":"R Watanabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watanabe R, Miura N, Kurata M, Kitazawa R, Kikugawa T, Saika T. Spatial Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Characteristic Gene Expression Patterns of De Novo Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Coexisting with Androgen Receptor Pathway Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(10):8955.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2617_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0431-z","volume":"52","author":"G Shan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shan G, Gu J, Zhou D, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promotes chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med. 2020;52(11):1809\u201322.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4045","volume":"22","author":"H Beltran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beltran H, Prandi D, Mosquera JM, et al. Divergent clonal evolution of castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Nat Med. 2016;22(3):298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00842-0","volume":"5","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Liu B, Xin J, et al. Single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing identify divergent microenvironments and progression signatures in early- versus late-onset prostate cancer. Nat Aging. 2025;5(5):909\u201328.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.09.005","volume":"10","author":"H Hieronymus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hieronymus H, Lamb J, Ross KN, et al. Gene expression signature-based chemical genomic prediction identifies a novel class of HSP90 pathway modulators. Cancer Cell. 2006;10(4):321\u201330.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2617_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3924","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127961","volume":"129","author":"A Berger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berger A, Brady NJ, Bareja R, et al. N-Myc-mediated epigenetic reprogramming drives lineage plasticity in advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(9):3924\u201340.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2617_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105398","volume":"109","author":"F Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao F, Zhang T, Wei J, et al. Integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses identify a novel lineage plasticity-related cancer cell type involved in prostate cancer progression. EBioMedicine. 2024;109:105398.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.92336","volume":"14","author":"T Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zhao F, Lin Y, et al. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomics develops a robust neuroendocrine cell-intrinsic signature to predict prostate cancer progression. Theranostics. 2024;14(3):1065\u201380.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.086","volume":"25","author":"GH Henry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henry GH, Malewska A, Joseph DB, et al. A Cellular Anatomy of the Normal Adult Human Prostate and Prostatic Urethra. Cell Rep. 2018;25(12):3530\u2013e35425.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2617_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2415308122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415308122","volume":"122","author":"SP Pitzen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pitzen SP, Rudenick AN, Qiu Y, et al. Comparative transcriptomics reveals a mixed basal, club, and hillock epithelial cell identity in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(6):e2415308122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"47","key":"2617_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518007112","volume":"112","author":"BA Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith BA, Sokolov A, Uzunangelov V, et al. A basal stem cell signature identifies aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(47):E6544\u201352.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2617_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02289-w","volume":"57","author":"W Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng W, Ladewig E, Lange M, et al. ERG-driven prostate cancer initiation is cell-context dependent and requires KMT2A and DOT1L. Nat Genet. 2025;57(9):2177\u201391.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.04.002","volume":"43","author":"J Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo J, Li N, Liu Q, et al. KMT2C deficiency drives transdifferentiation of double-negative prostate cancer and confer resistance to AR-targeted therapy. Cancer Cell. 2025;43(7):1261\u2013e127810.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2617_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.017","volume":"2","author":"H Ross-Adams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ross-Adams H, Lamb AD, Dunning MJ, et al. Integration of copy number and transcriptomics provides risk stratification in prostate cancer: A discovery and validation cohort study. EBioMedicine. 2015;2(9):1133\u201344.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.02.005","volume":"35","author":"A Sinha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinha A, Huang V, Livingstone J, et al. The Proteogenomic Landscape of Curable Prostate Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2019;35(3):414\u2013e4276.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2617_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4333","volume":"23","author":"A Zehir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zehir A, Benayed R, Shah RH, et al. Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. Nat Med. 2017;23(6):703\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.025","volume":"163","author":"null","year":"2015","unstructured":"null. The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer. Cell. 2015;163(4):1011\u201325.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70033","volume":"88","author":"JM Dsouza","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dsouza JM, Sayar E, Schweizer MT, et al. Molecular subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer: from pathophysiology to diagnosis. Histopathology. 2026;88(1):24\u201339.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"16","key":"2617_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0593","volume":"83","author":"A Lundberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lundberg A, Zhang M, Aggarwal R, et al. The Genomic and Epigenomic Landscape of Double-Negative Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res. 2023;83(16):2763\u201374.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00667-x","volume":"8","author":"S Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng S, Li L, Yeh Y, et al. Unveiling novel double-negative prostate cancer subtypes through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024;8(1):171.","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.035","volume":"12","author":"N Hermann-Kleiter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hermann-Kleiter N, Klepsch V, Wallner S, et al. The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR2F6 Is a Central Checkpoint for Cancer Immune Surveillance. Cell Rep. 2015;12(12):2072\u201385.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04004-2","volume":"9","author":"V Klepsch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klepsch V, Hermann-Kleiter N, Do-Dinh P, et al. Nuclear receptor NR2F6 inhibition potentiates responses to PD-L1\/PD-1 cancer immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1538.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"2617_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.03.024","volume":"29","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang M, Hoyle RG, Ma Z, et al. FOSL1 promotes metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through super-enhancer-driven transcription program. Mol Ther. 2021;29(8):2583\u2013600.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"41","key":"2617_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.177","volume":"36","author":"K Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang K, Myllym\u00e4ki S, Gao P, et al. Oncogenic K-Ras upregulates ITGA6 expression via FOSL1 to induce anoikis resistance and synergizes with \u03b1V-Class integrins to promote EMT. Oncogene. 2017;36(41):5681\u201394.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"36","key":"2617_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.135","volume":"36","author":"K Maurus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maurus K, Hufnagel A, Geiger F, et al. The AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1 causes melanocyte reprogramming and transformation. Oncogene. 2017;36(36):5110\u201321.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"10","key":"2617_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-19-0036","volume":"17","author":"C Tolza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tolza C, Bejjani F, Evanno E, et al. AP-1 Signaling by Fra-1 Directly Regulates HMGA1 Oncogene Transcription in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Mol Cancer Res. 2019;17(10):1999\u20132014.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06304-w","volume":"23","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang X, Zeng T, et al. FOSL1 drives the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating cell stemness, metastasis and multidrug efflux system. J Transl Med. 2025;23(1):268.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2617_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.107613","volume":"151","author":"SU Zaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zaman SU, Pagare PP, Huang B, et al. Novel PROTAC probes targeting FOSL1 degradation to eliminate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cells. Bioorg Chem. 2024;151:107613.","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06014-9","volume":"23","author":"G Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao G, Liu Y, Yin S, et al. FOSL1 transcriptionally dictates the Warburg effect and enhances chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. J Transl Med. 2025;23(1):1.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.09.010","volume":"39","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen H, Mo H, et al. Single-cell analyses reveal key immune cell subsets associated with response to PD-L1 blockade in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2021;39(12):1578\u2013e15938.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-24-0791","volume":"23","author":"S Mei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mei S, Zhang H, Hirz T, et al. Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal a Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subpopulation that Mediates Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res. 2025;23(7):653\u201365.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.1900038","volume":"3","author":"M Burgess","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burgess M, Wicks K, Gardasevic M, Mace KA. Cx3CR1 Expression Identifies Distinct Macrophage Populations That Contribute Differentially to Inflammation and Repair. Immunohorizons. 2019;3(7):262\u201373.","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59150","volume":"121","author":"O Medina-Contreras","year":"2011","unstructured":"Medina-Contreras O, Geem D, Laur O, et al. CX3CR1 regulates intestinal macrophage homeostasis, bacterial translocation, and colitogenic Th17 responses in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(12):4787\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1137OC","volume":"191","author":"A Schmall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmall A, Al-Tamari HM, Herold S, et al. Macrophage and cancer cell cross-talk via CCR2 and CX3CR1 is a fundamental mechanism driving lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(4):437\u201347.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18916-5","volume":"11","author":"Z Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhou L, Liu L, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5077.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2617_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.108896","volume":"27","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhou Y, Wu Z, et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the role of antigen presentation in liver metastatic breast cancer. iScience. 2024;27(2):108896.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2617_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao M, Chen Y, Yang J et al. Modification of PLAC8 by UFM1 affects tumorous proliferation and immune response by impacting PD-L1 levels in triple-negative breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2022;10(12):e005668.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005668"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00329-1","volume":"9","author":"M Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao M, Cheng Y, Yang J, et al. Multifaced roles of PLAC8 in cancer. Biomark Res. 2021;9(1):73.","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71103","volume":"124","author":"C Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li C, Ma H, Wang Y, et al. Excess PLAC8 promotes an unconventional ERK2-dependent EMT in colon cancer. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(5):2172\u201387.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2617_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0094","volume":"9","author":"E Elyada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elyada E, Bolisetty M, Laise P, et al. Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancer Discov. 2019;9(8):1102\u201323.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20162024","volume":"214","author":"D \u00d6hlund","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6hlund D, Handly-Santana A, Biffi G, et al. Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med. 2017;214(3):579\u201396.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2617_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0238-1","volume":"20","author":"E Sahai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahai E, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E, et al. A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20(3):174\u201386.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2617_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosein AN, Huang H, Wang Z et al. Cellular heterogeneity during mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression at single-cell resolution. JCI Insight. 2019;5(16):e129212.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.129212"},{"issue":"23","key":"2617_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11428","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902651116","volume":"116","author":"W Abida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abida W, Cyrta J, Heller G, et al. Genomic correlates of clinical outcome in advanced prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(23):11428\u201336.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.001","volume":"161","author":"D Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson D, Van Allen EM, Wu Y, et al. Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 2015;161(5):1215\u201328.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"17","key":"2617_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0902","volume":"76","author":"S You","year":"2016","unstructured":"You S, Knudsen BS, Erho N, et al. Integrated Classification of Prostate Cancer Reveals a Novel Luminal Subtype with Poor Outcome. Cancer Res. 2016;76(17):4948\u201358.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.09.003","volume":"32","author":"EG Bluemn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bluemn EG, Coleman IM, Lucas JM, et al. Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer Is Sustained through FGF Signaling. Cancer Cell. 2017;32(4):474\u2013e4896.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29963-5","volume":"13","author":"S Nouruzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nouruzi S, Ganguli D, Tabrizian N, et al. ASCL1 activates neuronal stem cell-like lineage programming through remodeling of the chromatin landscape in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2282.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.10.009","volume":"41","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen C, Tran W, Song K, et al. Temporal evolution reveals bifurcated lineages in aggressive neuroendocrine small cell prostate cancer trans-differentiation. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(12):2066\u2013e20829.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1250","volume":"22","author":"SG Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao SG, Evans JR, Kothari V, et al. The Landscape of Prognostic Outlier Genes in High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(7):1777\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2617_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066855","volume":"8","author":"N Erho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erho N, Crisan A, Vergara IA, et al. Discovery and validation of a prostate cancer genomic classifier that predicts early metastasis following radical prostatectomy. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e66855.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54400-0","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Liu M, Zhang L, et al. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) promotes the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by increasing lipid synthesis. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):9909.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49234-9","volume":"15","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Townley SL, Zhang S, et al. FOXA2 rewires AP-1 for transcriptional reprogramming and lineage plasticity in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4914.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2617_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110687","volume":"384","author":"S Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang S, Zhang F, Li J, et al. The selective activator protein-1 inhibitor T-5224 regulates the IRF4\/MYC axis and exerts cooperative antimyeloma activity with bortezomib. Chem Biol Interact. 2023;384:110687.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12914","volume":"107","author":"D Kamide","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamide D, Yamashita T, Araki K, et al. Selective activator protein-1 inhibitor T-5224 prevents lymph node metastasis in an oral cancer model. Cancer Sci. 2016;107(5):666\u201373.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"7860","key":"2617_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03549-5","volume":"593","author":"MB Buechler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buechler MB, Pradhan RN, Krishnamurty AT, et al. Cross-tissue organization of the fibroblast lineage. Nature. 2021;593(7860):575\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.15.101","volume":"8","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Koga N, Moriya F, Itoh K. Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: challenges and opportunities. Immunotherapy. 2016;8(1):69\u201377.","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01638","volume":"38","author":"ES Antonarakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonarakis ES, Piulats JM, Gross-Goupil M, et al. Pembrolizumab for Treatment-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Multicohort, Open-Label Phase II KEYNOTE-199 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(5):395\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.08.007","volume":"38","author":"P Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma P, Pachynski RK, Narayan V, et al. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Analysis of Patients in the CheckMate 650 Trial. Cancer Cell. 2020;38(4):489\u2013e4993.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2018.11.005","volume":"8","author":"SL Wolock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolock SL, Lopez R, Klein AM, Scrublet. Computational Identification of Cell Doublets in Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data. Cell Syst. 2019;8(4):281\u2013e2919.","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"2617_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","volume":"16","author":"I Korsunsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korsunsky I, Millard N, Fan J, et al. Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat Methods. 2019;16(12):1289\u201396.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01139-4","volume":"40","author":"V Kleshchevnikov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kleshchevnikov V, Shmatko A, Dann E, et al. Cell2location maps fine-grained cell types in spatial transcriptomics. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(5):661\u201371.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36062-6","volume":"14","author":"B Ru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ru B, Huang J, Zhang Y, Aldape K, Jiang P. Estimation of cell lineages in tumors from spatial transcriptomics data. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):568.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"2617_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4402","volume":"14","author":"X Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu X, Mao Q, Tang Y, et al. Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell trajectories. Nat Methods. 2017;14(10):979\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"7745","key":"2617_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0969-x","volume":"566","author":"J Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao J, Spielmann M, Qiu X, et al. The single-cell transcriptional landscape of mammalian organogenesis. Nature. 2019;566(7745):496\u2013502.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-02988-9","volume":"24","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Q. scTour: a deep learning architecture for robust inference and accurate prediction of cellular dynamics. Genome Biol. 2023;24(1):149.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2617_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","volume":"14","author":"S H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00e4nzelmann S, Castelo R, Guinney J. GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2013;14:7.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"43","key":"2617_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","volume":"102","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(43):15545\u201350.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2617_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","volume":"16","author":"G Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y, He QY. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16(5):284\u20137.","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2617_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin S, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Zhang L, et al. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1088.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"2617_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4463","volume":"14","author":"S Aibar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aibar S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Blas CB, Moerman T, et al. SCENIC: single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering. Nat Methods. 2017;14(11):1083\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2617_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01091-3","volume":"40","author":"D Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun D, Guan X, Moran AE, et al. Identifying phenotype-associated subpopulations by integrating bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(4):527\u201338.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6476","key":"2617_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0249","volume":"367","author":"GS Gulati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gulati GS, Sikandar SS, Wesche DJ, et al. Single-cell transcriptional diversity is a hallmark of developmental potential. Science. 2020;367(6476):405\u201311.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"2617_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109187","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021109187","volume":"41","author":"A Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang A, Huang Z, Tao W, et al. USP33 deubiquitinates and stabilizes HIF-2alpha to promote hypoxia response in glioma stem cells. EMBO J. 2022;41(7):e109187.","journal-title":"EMBO J"}],"container-title":["Molecular Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:02:06Z","timestamp":1775228526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-026-02617-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human participants in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the China Medical University Institutional Review Board (approval number: AF-SOP-07-1.201) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in thes study.All animal experiments were approved by the China Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee (approval number: CMU20241328) and were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. All procedures involving animals complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and were conducted in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010\/63\/EU for animal experiments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"88"}}