{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:33:21Z","timestamp":1791772401414,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81372197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Hospital Youth Fund","award":["012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0657-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1516090309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Interleukin-6 induces fat loss in cancer cachexia by promoting white adipose tissue lipolysis and browning"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","volume":"12","author":"K Fearon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:489\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"657_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.209","volume":"10","author":"K Fearon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fearon K, Arends J, Baracos V. Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10:90\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"657_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.011","volume":"16","author":"KC Fearon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fearon KC, Glass DJ, Guttridge DC. Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways. Cell Metab. 2012;16:153\u201366.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"657_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1345","volume":"83","author":"KC Fearon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fearon KC, Voss AC, Hustead DS, Cancer Cachexia Study G. Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1345\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"657_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2013.804580","volume":"65","author":"J Bachmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bachmann J, Buchler MW, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Cachexia in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: impact on survival and outcome. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65:827\u201333.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"657_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2133","volume":"18","author":"IJ Gallagher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gallagher IJ, Stephens NA, MacDonald AJ, Skipworth RJ, Husi H, Greig CA, et al. Suppression of skeletal muscle turnover in cancer cachexia: evidence from the transcriptome in sequential human muscle biopsies. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:2817\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"657_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.039","volume":"54","author":"M Tsoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsoli M, Swarbrick MM, Robertson GR. Lipolytic and thermogenic depletion of adipose tissue in cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016;54:68\u201381.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"657_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21013","volume":"103","author":"M Fouladiun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fouladiun M, Korner U, Bosaeus I, Daneryd P, Hyltander A, Lundholm KG. Body composition and time course changes in regional distribution of fat and lean tissue in unselected cancer patients on palliative care--correlations with food intake, metabolism, exercise capacity, and hormones. Cancer. 2005;103:2189\u201398.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"657_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.11.006","volume":"29","author":"RA Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy RA, Wilke MS, Perrine M, Pawlowicz M, Mourtzakis M, Lieffers JR, et al. Loss of adipose tissue and plasma phospholipids: relationship to survival in advanced cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2010;29:482\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"657_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5280","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6115280","volume":"6","author":"M Ebadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ebadi M, Mazurak VC. Evidence and mechanisms of fat depletion in cancer. Nutrients. 2014;6:5280\u201397.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"657_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.016","volume":"150","author":"J Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu J, Bostrom P, Sparks LM, Ye L, Choi JH, Giang AH, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012;150:366\u201376.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"657_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1244","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00600.2009","volume":"298","author":"G Barbatelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barbatelli G, Murano I, Madsen L, Hao Q, Jimenez M, Kristiansen K, et al. The emergence of cold-induced brown adipocytes in mouse white fat depots is determined predominantly by white to brown adipocyte transdifferentiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298:E1244\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"657_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216683282","volume":"242","author":"JA Vaitkus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vaitkus JA, Celi FS. The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017;242:473\u201381.","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"657_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3155","volume":"102","author":"C Guerra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guerra C, Koza RA, Yamashita H, Walsh K, Kozak LP. Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:412\u201320.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"657_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3361","volume":"19","author":"M Harms","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harms M, Seale P. Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. Nat Med. 2013;19:1252\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"657_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67803","volume":"123","author":"T Yoneshiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Matsushita M, Kayahara T, Kameya T, Kawai Y, et al. Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans. J Clin Invest. 2013;123:3404\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"657_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283653ee1","volume":"16","author":"T Yoneshiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneshiro T, Saito M. Transient receptor potential activated brown fat thermogenesis as a target of food ingredients for obesity management. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013;16:625\u201331.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"657_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.06.011","volume":"20","author":"M Petruzzelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petruzzelli M, Schweiger M, Schreiber R, Campos-Olivas R, Tsoli M, Allen J, et al. A switch from white to brown fat increases energy expenditure in cancer-associated cachexia. Cell Metab. 2014;20:433\u201347.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"657_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3225","volume":"48","author":"J Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han J, Meng Q, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Zhuang Q, Han Y, et al. Interleukin-6 stimulates aerobic glycolysis by regulating PFKFB3 at early stage of colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol. 2016;48:215\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"657_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31537","volume":"117","author":"WW Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin WW, Karin M. A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:1175\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"657_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665109990267","volume":"68","author":"C Bing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bing C, Trayhurn P. New insights into adipose tissue atrophy in cancer cachexia. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009;68:385\u201392.","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"657_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.10.023","volume":"61","author":"ML Batista Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Batista ML Jr, Olivan M, Alcantara PS, Sandoval R, Peres SB, Neves RX, et al. Adipose tissue-derived factors as potential biomarkers in cachectic cancer patients. Cytokine. 2013;61:532\u20139.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"657_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605665","volume":"102","author":"I Dahlman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dahlman I, Mejhert N, Linder K, Agustsson T, Mutch DM, Kulyte A, et al. Adipose tissue pathways involved in weight loss of cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 2010;102:1541\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"657_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2009.06.020","volume":"68","author":"A Jatoi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jatoi A, Ritter HL, Dueck A, Nguyen PL, Nikcevich DA, Luyun RF, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of infliximab for cancer-associated weight loss in elderly and\/or poor performance non-small cell lung cancer patients (N01C9). Lung Cancer. 2010;68:234\u20139.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"657_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2011.627850","volume":"11","author":"TJ Bayliss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bayliss TJ, Smith JT, Schuster M, Dragnev KH, Rigas JR. A humanized anti-IL-6 antibody (ALD518) in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2011;11:1663\u20138.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"657_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44271","volume":"121","author":"P Seale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, Kajimura S, Frontini A, Ishibashi J, et al. Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:96\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"657_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198973","volume":"333","author":"SK Das","year":"2011","unstructured":"Das SK, Eder S, Schauer S, Diwoky C, Temmel H, Guertl B, et al. Adipose triglyceride lipase contributes to cancer-associated cachexia. Science. 2011;333:233\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"657_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.4161\/15384047.2014.987075","volume":"16","author":"KL Kliewer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kliewer KL, Ke JY, Tian M, Cole RM, Andridge RR, Belury MA. Adipose tissue lipolysis and energy metabolism in early cancer cachexia in mice. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16:886\u201397.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"657_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.211649.112","volume":"27","author":"J Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu J, Cohen P, Spiegelman BM. Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: is beige the new brown? Genes Dev. 2013;27:234\u201350.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"657_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13477","volume":"510","author":"V Peirce","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peirce V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. The different shades of fat. Nature. 2014;510:76\u201383.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"657_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700910126","volume":"91","author":"W Aherne","year":"1966","unstructured":"Aherne W, Hull D. Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1966;91:223\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"657_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780","volume":"360","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1509\u201317.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"657_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0530","volume":"58","author":"M Saito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, et al. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes. 2009;58:1526\u201331.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"657_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/488286a","volume":"488","author":"B Cannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Cell biology: neither brown nor white. Nature. 2012;488:286\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0657-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T19:31:18Z","timestamp":1547580678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0657-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0657-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Clinical experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (No.: B2013-106R). Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"14"}}