{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:04:41Z","timestamp":1790417081987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81870312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T22:02:43Z","timestamp":1565388163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Correlation of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among the non-obese Chinese population with normal blood lipid levels: a retrospective cohort research"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zekai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanzhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50193","volume":"37","author":"BA Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD single topic conference. Hepatology. 2003;37:1202\u201319.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-008-0012-0","volume":"10","author":"MA Khashab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khashab MA, Liangpunsakul S, Chalasani N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a component of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008;10(1):73\u201380.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"1104_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.08.004","volume":"47","author":"A Lonardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lonardo A, Bellentani S, Argo CK, et al. Epidemiological modifiers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: focus on high-risk groups. Dig Liver Dis. 2015;47(12):997\u20131006.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"1104_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73\u201384.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1104_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","volume":"363","author":"G Targher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E. Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1341\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1104_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2190","volume":"96","author":"KC Sung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sung KC, Kim SH. Interrelationship between fatty liver and insulin resistance in the development of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1093\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1104_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0897-4","volume":"51","author":"G Targher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Targher G, Bertolini L, Rodella S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease and proliferative\/laser-treated retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2008;51:444\u201350.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1104_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.03.032","volume":"354","author":"S Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang S, Du Y, Li X, et al. Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular events in diabetics with coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci. 2017;354:117\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1104_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.08.010","volume":"63","author":"L Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu L, Parhofer KG. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Metabolism. 2014;63:1469\u201379.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1104_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan N, Peng L, Xia Z et al. Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a surrogate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-019-0986-7\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-0986-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"1104_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.085","volume":"96","author":"T Mclaughlin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mclaughlin T, Reaven G, Abbasi F, et al. Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(3):399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1104_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.05.007","volume":"61","author":"S He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He S, Wang S, Chen XP, et al. Higher ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may predispose to diabetes mellitus: 15-year prospective study in a general population. Metab Clin Exp. 2012;61(1):30\u20136.","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"8","key":"1104_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12758","volume":"18","author":"O Turak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turak O, Afar B, Ozcan F, et al. The role of plasma triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to predict new cardiovascular events in essential hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens. 2016;18(8):772\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"20","key":"1104_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726","volume":"123","author":"M Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(20):2292\u2013333.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1104_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23280","volume":"51","author":"E Fabbrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fabbrini E, Sullivan S, Klein S. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. Hepatology. 2010;51:679\u201389.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1104_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013781","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013781","volume":"6","author":"DQ Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun DQ, Wu SJ, Liu WY, et al. Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the normal range and NAFLD in the non-obese Chinese population: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e013781.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1104_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun DQ, Wu SJ, Liu WY, et al. Data from: association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the normal range and NAFLD in the non-obese Chinese population: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Dryad Digital Repository. 2016; \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.1n6c4\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.1n6c4"},{"key":"1104_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2008.00331.x","volume":"9","author":"MD Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng MD, Fan JG, Lu LG, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Dig Dis. 2008;9:108\u201312.","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1104_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.104","volume":"108","author":"C Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu C, Yu C, Ma H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a nonobese Chinese population: the Zhejiang Zhenhai study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(8):1299\u2013304.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1104_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00004","volume":"132","author":"S Bellentani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in northern Italy. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(2):112\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1104_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","volume":"40","author":"JD Browning","year":"2004","unstructured":"Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology. 2004;40(6):1387\u201395.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1104_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.235","volume":"110","author":"JL Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei JL, Leung JC, Loong TC, et al. Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(9):1306\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1104_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.400","volume":"107","author":"DH Sinn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinn DH, Gwak GY, Park HN, et al. Ultrasonographically detected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent predictor for identifying patients with insulin resistance in non-obese, non-diabetic middle-aged Asian adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(4):561\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1104_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23567","volume":"51","author":"K Das","year":"2010","unstructured":"Das K, Mukherjee PS, Ghosh A, et al. Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;51:1593\u2013602.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1104_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1381\/0960892053576820","volume":"15","author":"JP Ong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ong JP, Elariny H, Collantes R, et al. Predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg. 2005;15:310\u20135.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"1104_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70506-8","volume":"116","author":"CA Matteoni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matteoni CA, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology. 1999;116:1413\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1104_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4684-x","volume":"62","author":"G Cholankeril","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cholankeril G, Wong RJ, Hu M, et al. Liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the US: temporal trends and outcomes. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62(10):2915\u201322.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1104_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12977","volume":"36","author":"Y Fukuda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fukuda Y, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, et al. Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent predictor of incident fatty liver; a population-based cohort study. Liver Int. 2016;36(5):713\u201320.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"1104_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.400","volume":"107","author":"DH Sinn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinn DH, Gwak GY, Park HN, et al. Ultrasonographically detected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent predictor for identifying patients with insulin resistance in non-obese, non-diabetic middle-aged Asian adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:561\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1104_CR30","first-page":"126","volume":"79","author":"A Gonz\u00e1lezCh\u00e1vez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lezCh\u00e1vez A, SimentalMend\u00eda LE, ElizondoArgueta S. Elevated triglycerides \/HDL-cholesterol ratio associated with insulin resistance. Cir Cir. 2011;79(2):126\u201331.","journal-title":"Cir Cir"},{"key":"1104_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00033.2003","volume":"284","author":"TK Lam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lam TK, Carpentier A, Lewis GF, et al. Mechanisms of the free fatty acid\u2013induced increase in hepatic glucose production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284:E863\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1104_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461","volume":"23","author":"GF Lewis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewis GF, Carpentier A, Adeli K, et al. Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 2002;23:201\u201329.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1104_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.318","volume":"112","author":"A Feldman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feldman A, Eder SK, Felder TK, et al. Clinical and metabolic characterization of lean Caucasian subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;112(1):102\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1104_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-018-0420-4","volume":"63","author":"Marcin Krawczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krawczyk M, Bantel H, Rau M et al. Could inherited predisposition drive non-obese fatty liver disease? Results from German tertiary referral centers. J Hum Genet. 2018;63:621-26.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"1104_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","volume":"40","author":"S Romeo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romeo S, Kozlitina J, Xing C, et al. Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet. 2008;40(12):1461\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1104_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23768","volume":"52","author":"EK Speliotes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Speliotes EK, Butler JL, Palmer CD, et al. PNPLA3 variants specifically confer increased risk for histologic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but not metabolic disease. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):904\u201312.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1104_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12609","volume":"39","author":"J Shen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shen J, Wong GL, Chan HL, et al. PNPLA3 gene polymorphism accounts for fatty liver in community subjects without metabolic syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Therap. 2014;39(5):532\u20139.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Therap"},{"key":"1104_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","volume":"346","author":"P Angulo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1221\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T23:11:44Z","timestamp":1596841904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-019-1104-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The research ethics were not required anymore, which had been authorized in the former study according to public policy statements of the dataset.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"162"}}