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This study aimed at comparing a comprehensive lipid profile between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with LDL-c concentration within and above target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive lipid profile was characterized in 96 T2DM patients. The European Society of Cardiology\/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC\/EAS) 2016 and 2019 Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemias were used to define LDL-c targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this population, only 28.1 and 16.7% of patients had mean LDL-c levels within target, as defined by the 2016 and 2019 guidelines, respectively. Applying the 2016 guidelines criteria, in patients with LDL-c within target, 22, 25 and 44% presented non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and oxidized LDL-c levels above the recommended range, respectively, whereas according to the 2019 guidelines criteria, 50, 39 and 44% of the patients with LDL-c within target had elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), ApoB and oxidized LDL-c levels, respectively. LDL-c was strongly correlated with non-HDL-c (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.850), ApoB (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.656) and oxidized LDL-c (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.508). Similarly, there was a strong correlation between non-HDL-c with both ApoB (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.808) and oxidized LDL-c (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.588).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings emphasize the limitations of only considering LDL-c concentration for cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment. Targeting only LDL-c could result in missed opportunities for CV risk reduction in T2DM patients. These data suggest that non-HDL-c, ApoB and oxidized LDL-c levels could be considered as an important part of these patients\u2019 evaluation allowing for a more accurate estimation of CV risk and hopefully better management of these high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01292-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1591423359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reveal a high atherogenicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and controlled low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","volume":"17","author":"TR Einarson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. 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