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Atrial cardiomyopathy, manifested by atrial remodeling with a dilated diameter, contributes to atrial fibrillation pathogenesis and predicts atrial fibrillation development. The correlation of VLDL-\u03c7 with atrial remodeling is unknown. This study investigated the association between VLDL-\u03c7 and remodeling of left atrium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutively, 87 MetS and 80 non-MetS individuals between 23 and 74\u2009years old (50.6% men) without overt cardiovascular diseases were included in the prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected while fasting and postprandially (at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4\u2009h after a unified meal). VLDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation; the percentile concentration of VLDL-\u03c7 (%) was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The correlations of left atrium diameter (LAD) with variables including VLDL-\u03c7, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, and blood pressure, were analyzed by multiple linear regression models. A hierarchical linear model was conducted to test the independencies of each variable\u2019s correlation with LAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean LAD was 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009cm in non-MetS subjects and 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009cm in MetS patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). None of the fasting lipid profiles were associated with LAD. VLDL-\u03c7, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure were positively correlated with LAD (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) after adjustment for age and sex. Significant interactions between VLDL-\u03c7 and blood pressure, waist circumference, and hip circumference were observed. When adjusted for obesity- and blood pressure-related variables, 2-h postprandial VLDL-\u03c7 (mean 1.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61%) showed a positive correlation with LAD in MetS patients. Each 1% VLDL-\u03c7 increase was estimated to increase LAD by 0.23\u2009cm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postprandial VLDL-\u03c7 is associated with atrial remodeling particularly in the MetS group. VLDL-\u03c7 is a novel biomarker and may be a therapeutic target for atrial cardiomyopathy in MetS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN69295295\">ISRCTN 69295295<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Retrospectively registered 9 June 2020.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01386-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T05:02:58Z","timestamp":1600750978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of postprandial very-low-density lipoprotein in the development of atrial remodeling in metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyi-Jang","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jih-Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Yin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He-Jiun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Fang","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"1386_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults","year":"2001","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. 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