{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:39:19Z","timestamp":1792787959825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with various health problems, but less is known about the gender differences in risk factors for high plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a retrospective study was carried out on 14,911 participants (7838 males and 7073 females) aged 16\u2013102\u2009years who underwent routine checkups between January 2012 and December 2017 in the Health Management Department of Xuanwu Hospital, China. Anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, were collected. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the biochemical indexes. The outcome variable was Hcy level, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to identify the associations of interest based on gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males exhibited increased Hcy levels (16.37\u2009\u00b1\u20099.66 vs 11.22\u2009\u00b1\u20094.76\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) and prevalence of HHcy (37.0% vs 11.3%) compared with females. Hcy levels and HHcy prevalence increased with age in both genders, except for the 16- to 29-year-old group. GEE analysis indicated that irrespective of gender, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively correlated with Hcy levels, and alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol and glucose were negatively correlated with Hcy levels. However, age, BMI and triglycerides (TGs) were positively correlated with Hcy levels exclusively in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender differences in risk factors for high plasma Hcy levels were noted. Although common correlational factors existed in both genders, age, BMI and TGs were independent risk factors for Hcy levels specifically in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1618221799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gender differences in risk factors for high plasma homocysteine levels based on a retrospective checkup cohort using a generalized estimating equation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yansu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"1459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180313105949","volume":"26","author":"BL Zaric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaric BL, Obradovic M, Bajic V, Haidara MA, Jovanovic M, Isenovic ER. Homocysteine and hyperhomocysteinaemia. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(16):2948\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867325666180313105949.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"1459_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.010","volume":"49","author":"EA Ostrakhovitch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev. 2019;49:144\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.010.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1459_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.035","volume":"27","author":"X Piao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piao X, Wu G, Yang P, Shen J, De A, Wu J, et al. Association between homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease: a meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(9):2423\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.035.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1459_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e317","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006816","volume":"92","author":"KW Nam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nam KW, Kwon HM, Jeong HY, Park JH, Kwon H, Jeong SM. Serum homocysteine level is related to cerebral small vessel disease in a healthy population. Neurology. 2019;92(4):e317\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006816.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1203-4","volume":"18","author":"SS Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu SS, Xie J, Su CQ, Ge S, Shi HB, Hong XN. Plasma homocysteine levels and intracranial plaque characteristics: association and clinical relevance in ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2018;18(1):200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-018-1203-4.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"1459_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00350","volume":"10","author":"BR Price","year":"2018","unstructured":"Price BR, Wilcock DM, Weekman EM. Hyperhomocysteinemia as risk factor for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00350.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1459_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000471813","volume":"7","author":"G Cianciolo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cianciolo G, De Pascalis A, Di Lullo L, Ronco C, Zannini C, La Manna G. Folic acid and homocysteine in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease progression: which comes first? Cardiorenal Med. 2017;7(4):255\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000471813.","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1459_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000343807","volume":"70","author":"JM Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung JM, Kwon DY, Han C, Jo I, Jo SA, Park MH. Increased carotid intima-media thickness and plasma homocysteine levels predict cardiovascular and all-cause death: a population-based cohort study. Eur Neurol. 2013;70(1\u20132):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000343807.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1459_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13988","volume":"175","author":"Y Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175(8):1173\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.13988.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1459_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.021","volume":"20","author":"X Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu X, Zhang L, Miao Y, Yang J, Wang X, Wang CC, et al. Homocysteine causes vascular endothelial dysfunction by disrupting endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis. Redox Biol. 2019;20:46\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.021.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1459_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1330162","volume":"36","author":"H Tian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tian H, Tian D, Zhang C, Wang W, Wang L, Ge M, et al. Efficacy of folic acid therapy in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36(7):528\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2017.1330162.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1459_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109245","volume":"129","author":"SS Qureshi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qureshi SS, Gupta JK, Goyal A, Narayan YH. A novel approach in the management of hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Hypotheses. 2019;129:109245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109245.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"1459_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314522136","volume":"22","author":"BJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim BJ, Kim BS, Kang JH. Plasma homocysteine and coronary artery calcification in Korean men. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(4):478\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487314522136.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2020.02.001","volume":"130","author":"M Sellos-Moura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sellos-Moura M, Glavin F, Lapidus D, Evans KA, Palmer L, Irwin DE. Estimated prevalence of moderate to severely elevated total homocysteine levels in the United States: a missed opportunity for diagnosis of homocystinuria? Mol Genet Metab. 2020;130(1):36\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2020.02.001.","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"1459_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9210261","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9210261","volume":"2020","author":"F Challa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Challa F, Getahun T, Sileshi M, Nigassie B, Geto Z, Ashibire G, et al. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and associated factors among ethiopian adult population in a 2015 national survey. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:9210261.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010074","volume":"7","author":"B Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang B, Fan S, Zhi X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng Q, et al. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2014;7(1):74\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7010074.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"12","key":"1459_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010000546","volume":"13","author":"QG Qu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qu QG, Gao JJ, Liu JM. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in a Chinese elderly population. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(12):1974\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980010000546.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22178","volume":"32","author":"YY Qin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qin YY, Wang P, Qin JQ, Wei AQ, Huang P, Lai ZF, et al. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and related risk factors. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32(1):e22178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.22178.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0441-6","volume":"16","author":"M Momin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Momin M, Jia J, Fan F, Li J, Dou J, Chen D, et al. Relationship between plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles in a community-based Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis. 2017;16(1):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-017-0441-6.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1459_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071614","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang N, Zhu M, Liu X, Wang R, et al. Central but not general obesity is positively associated with the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in middle-aged women. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071614.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"6","key":"1459_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.09.038","volume":"132","author":"F Lussana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lussana F, Betti S, D\u2019Angelo A, Stefano VD, Fedi S, Ferrazzi P, et al. Evaluation of the prevalence of severe hyperhomocysteinemia in adult patients with thrombosis who underwent screening for thrombophilia. Thromb Res. 2013;132(6):681\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.09.038.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-014-0028-7","volume":"12","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang Y, Gao L, Xie X, Tan SC. Epidemiology of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults: meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Popul Health Metrics. 2014;12(1):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12963-014-0028-7.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metrics"},{"key":"1459_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.06.003","volume":"310","author":"DS Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu DS, Yu L, Li M, Han L, Huang XX, Wang XQ, et al. High serum creatinine is associated with reduction of vision impaired in patients with NMOSD. J Neuroimmunol. 2017;310:32\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.06.003.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1459_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0082-z","volume":"27","author":"H Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang XM, Wang YL, Liu BC. Prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: a national cross-sectional survey using multistage, stratified sampling. J Nephrol. 2014;27(6):653\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-014-0082-z.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05205-3","volume":"7","author":"R Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan R, Zhang A, Zhong F. Association between homocysteine levels and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05205-3.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1459_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000078","volume":"81","author":"S Naik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naik S, Joglekar C, Bhat D, Lubree H, Rege S, Raut K, et al. Marked gender difference in plasma total homocysteine concentration in indian adults with low vitamin B12. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2011;81(5):306\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000078.","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1459_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2017.1255126","volume":"129","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen S, Guo X, Dong S, Li Z, Sun Y. Relationship between lifestyle factors and hyperhomocysteinemia in general Chinese population: a cross-sectional study. Postgrad Med. 2017;129(2):216\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2017.1255126.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50856-z","volume":"9","author":"H Pang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pang H, Fu Q, Cao Q, Hao L, Zong Z. Sex difference in risk factors for stroke in patients with hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-50856-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1459_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_291_18","volume":"22","author":"F Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang F, Sui X, Xu N, Yang J, Zhao H, Fei X, et al. The relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and MTHFR gene variation, age, and sex in Northeast China. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(3):380\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_291_18.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.1.22","volume":"72","author":"NK Fukagawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fukagawa NK, Martin JM, Wurthmann A, Prue AH, Ebenstein D, O\u2019Rourke B. Sex-related differences in methionine metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(1):22\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.1.22.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"1459_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.12.004","volume":"14","author":"Y Yao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yao Y, Gao LJ, Zhou Y, Zhao JH, Lv Q, Dong JZ, et al. Effect of advanced age on plasma homocysteine levels and its association with ischemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14(12):743\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.12.004.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28463-1","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Li X, Zhu P, Huang F. Application of conicity index adjusted total body fat in young adults-a novel method to assess metabolic diseases risk. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28463-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR33","first-page":"15","volume":"36","author":"IG Widiana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Widiana IG, Suwitra K. Relationship between creatinine clearance and plasma homocysteine levels in predialytic chronic renal failure patients. Acta Med Indones. 2004;36(1):15\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16268","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16268","volume":"5","author":"D Xie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie D, Yuan Y, Guo J, Yang S, Xu X, Wang Q, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia predicts renal function decline: a prospective study in hypertensive adults. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):16268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep16268.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1459_CR35","first-page":"461","volume":"44","author":"JW Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi JW, Lee MH, Fujii T, Fjii N, Moon Y. Association of the urine homocysteine\/creatinine ratio to proinflammatory cytokine, natural anticoagulant, and nitric oxide levels in cerebrovascular disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2014;44(4):461\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1459_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2017-0072","volume":"11","author":"L Vigna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vigna L, Vassalle C, Tirelli AS, Gori F, Tomaino L, Sabatino L, et al. Gender-related association between uric acid, homocysteine, \u03b3-glutamyltransferase, inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome in subjects affected by obesity. Biomark Med. 2017;11(10):857\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/bmm-2017-0072.","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31488-7","volume":"11","author":"S Polyzos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polyzos S, Kountouras J, Patsiaoura K, Katsiki E, Zafeiriadou E, Deretzi G, et al. Serum homocysteine levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol. 2012;11(1):68\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31488-7.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-37","volume":"12","author":"SC De Carvalho","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Carvalho SC, Muniz MT, Siqueira MD, Siqueira ER, Gomes AV, Silva KA, et al. Plasmatic higher levels of homocysteine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nutr J. 2013;12(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-12-37.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1459_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-529","volume":"29","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Y, Guan Y, Yang X, Xia Z, Wu J. Association of serum homocysteine levels with histological severity of NAFLD. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2020;29(1):51\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15403\/jgld-529.","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"1459_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.809236","volume":"293","author":"M Visram","year":"2018","unstructured":"Visram M, Radulovic M, Steiner S, Malanovic N, Eichmann TO, Wolinski H, et al. Homocysteine regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolism in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2018;293(15):5544\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M117.809236.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1459_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.905002","volume":"23","author":"X Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng X, Xu Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a metabolic risk factor for glucose intolerance among high-risk groups of Chinese adults. Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:2775\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.905002.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"1459_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.11.011","volume":"36","author":"L Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han L, Liu Y, Wang C, Tang L, Feng X, Astell-Burt T, et al. Determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy and hypertensive subjects: a population-based study and systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(5):1215\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.11.011.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1459_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0118686","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118686","volume":"10","author":"C Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao C, Hu J, Dong Y, Zhan R, Li P, Su H, et al. Gender differences in the risk factors for endothelial dysfunctions in Chinese hypertensive patients: homoccysteine is an independent risk factor in females. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118686.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T10:13:09Z","timestamp":1618222389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-021-01459-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol and application for informed consent form waiver of this research were approved by the ethics committee of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}