{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:09:29Z","timestamp":1780567769296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Calcification of the aortic valve is a common heart valve disorder, in some cases leading to clinically impactful severe aortic stenosis (AS). Sex-specific differences in aortic valve calcification (ACV)\u00a0exist, with women having a lower burden of calcification than men as measured by computed tomography; however, the pathophysiological mechanism that leads to these differences remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using cultured human Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) macrophages and human aortic valve interstitial cells, the effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles isolated from the plasma of men and women with severe AS were studied for cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HDL-CEC was assessed in 46 patients with severe AS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930 men, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916 women. ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1)-mediated HDL-CEC was measured from human cultured THP-1 macrophages to plasma HDL samples. Women with severe AS had more ABCA1-mediated HDL-CEC, as compared to men (8.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.90% cpm vs. 6.80\u2009\u00b1\u20091.50% cpm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). HDL pre-\u03b21 and \u03b1-particles were higher in woman than in men by spectral density, (pre-\u03b21 HDL, 20298.29\u2009\u00b1\u20091076.15 vs. 15,661.74\u2009\u00b1\u2009789.00, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002, and \u03b1-HDL, 63006.35\u2009\u00b1\u2009756.81 vs. 50,447.00\u2009\u00b1\u2009546.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl esters was higher in women than men (16.44\u2009\u00b1\u20099.11%\/h vs. 12.00\u2009\u00b1\u20098.07%\/h, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sex-specific changes in various parameters of HDL-CEC were found in patients with severe AS. Sex-based modifications in HDL functionality by HDL-CEC might account for the reduced burden of calcification in women vs. men with severe AS. Therefore, future studies should target sex-related pathways in AS to help to improve understanding and treatment of AS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sex specifc differences in AVC\u00a0and differences associated with HDL function in men and women with severe AS. When compared to men, women had higher pre\u03b2-HDL and \u03b1-HDL migrating particles, higher cholesterol efflux to HDL, and higher lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity, possibly indicating that improved reverse cholesterol transport may be protective against worsened calcification.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T12:02:48Z","timestamp":1653739368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Measures of high-density lipoprotein function in men and women with severe aortic stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anouar","family":"Hafiane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elda","family":"Favari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Bortnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1653_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313067","volume":"40","author":"PR Goody","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goody PR, Hosen MR, Christmann D, Niepmann ST, Zietzer A, Adam M, et al. Aortic valve stenosis: from basic mechanisms to novel therapeutic targets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40:885\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313067.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319025","volume":"107","author":"DS Owens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owens DS, Bartz TM, Buzkova P, Massera D, Biggs ML, Carlson SD, et al. Cumulative burden of clinically significant aortic stenosis in community-dwelling older adults. Heart. 2021;107:1493\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319025.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"1653_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12710","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202942","volume":"13","author":"B Yi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yi B, Zeng W, Lv L, Hua P. Changing epidemiology of calcific aortic valve disease: 30-year trends of incidence, prevalence, and deaths across 204 countries and territories. Aging. 2021;13:12710\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.202942.","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"1653_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.066","volume":"64","author":"MA Clavel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clavel MA, Pibarot P, Messika-Zeitoun D, Capoulade R, Malouf J, Aggarval S, et al. Impact of aortic valve calcification, as measured by mdct, on survival in patients with aortic stenosis: results of an international registry study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1202\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.066.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1653_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.014","volume":"243","author":"M Henein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henein M, H\u00e4llgren P, Holmgren A, S\u00f6rensen K, Ibrahimi P, Kofoed KF, et al. Aortic root, not valve, calcification correlates with coronary artery calcification in patients with severe aortic stenosis: a two-center study. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243:631\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.014.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"1653_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2009.12.002","volume":"4","author":"K Nasir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nasir K, Katz R, Al-Mallah M, Takasu J, Shavelle DM, Carr JJ, et al. Relationship of aortic valve calcification with coronary artery calcium severity: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (mesa). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010;4:41\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcct.2009.12.002.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"1653_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2015.10.2.108","volume":"10","author":"DA Lerman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lerman DA, Prasad S, Alotti N. Calcific aortic valve disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Eur Cardiol. 2015;10:108\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/ecr.2015.10.2.108.","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"key":"1653_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.023","volume":"246","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Nicoll R, He YH, Henein MY. The effect of statins on valve function and calcification in aortic stenosis: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2016;246:318\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.023.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"1653_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13959","volume":"312","author":"JG Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith JG, Luk K, Schulz CA, Engert JC, Do R, Hindy G, et al. Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related genetic variants with aortic valve calcium and incident aortic stenosis. JAMA. 2014;312:1764\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.13959.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1653_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(96)00563-3","volume":"29","author":"BF Stewart","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, et al. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular health study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:630\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(96)00563-3.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1653_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034","volume":"368","author":"G Thanassoulis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thanassoulis G, Campbell CY, Owens DS, Smith JG, Smith AV, Peloso GM, et al. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:503\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1653_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Summerhill VI, Moschetta D, Orekhov AN, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA. Sex-specific features of calcific aortic valve disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21165620.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165620"},{"key":"1653_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.112.980052","volume":"6","author":"SR Aggarwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aggarwal SR, Clavel MA, Messika-Zeitoun D, Cueff C, Malouf J, Araoz PA, et al. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:40\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.112.980052.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1653_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa096","volume":"22","author":"L Linde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linde L, Carter-Storch R, Christensen NL, \u00d8vrehus KA, Diederichsen ACP, Laursen K, et al. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification in severe aortic valve stenosis: association between computer tomography assessed calcification and valvular calcium concentrations. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;22:581\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa096.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1653_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv560","volume":"37","author":"JJ Thaden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thaden JJ, Nkomo VT, Suri RM, Maleszewski JJ, Soderberg DJ, Clavel M-A, et al. Sex-related differences in calcific aortic stenosis: correlating clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and computed tomography aortic valve calcium score to excised aortic valve weight. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:693\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv560.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1653_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311504","volume":"38","author":"I Parra-Izquierdo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parra-Izquierdo I, Casta\u00f1os-Mollor I, L\u00f3pez J, G\u00f3mez C, San Rom\u00e1n JA, S\u00e1nchez Crespo M, et al. Calcification induced by type i interferon in human aortic valve interstitial cells is larger in males and blunted by a janus kinase inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018;38:2148\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311504.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.04.014","volume":"2019","author":"I Parra-Izquierdo","year":"1865","unstructured":"Parra-Izquierdo I, Casta\u00f1os-Mollor I, L\u00f3pez J, G\u00f3mez C, San Rom\u00e1n JA, S\u00e1nchez Crespo M, et al. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon-\u03b3 team up to activate hif-1\u03b1 via stat1 in normoxia and exhibit sex differences in human aortic valve interstitial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis. 1865;2019:2168\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.04.014.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis"},{"key":"1653_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111075","volume":"140","author":"MS Annabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Annabi MS, Clisson M, Fleury MA, Voisine M, Hervault M, Shen M, et al. Sex-differences in echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve in young adult ldlr(\u2212\/\u2212)\/apob(100\/100)\/igf-ii(+\/\u2212) mice. Exp Gerontol. 2020;140:111075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111075.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1653_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302730","volume":"34","author":"BJ Arsenault","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arsenault BJ, Dube MP, Brodeur MR, de Oliveira Moraes AB, Lavoie V, Kernaleguen AE, et al. Evaluation of links between high-density lipoprotein genetics, functionality, and aortic valve stenosis risk in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:457\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302730.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(15)00126-6","volume":"135","author":"AV Khera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khera AV, Demler OV, Adelman SJ, Collins HL, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, et al. Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein particle number, and incident cardiovascular events: an analysis from the Jupiter trial (justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin). Circulation. 2017;135:2494\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(15)00126-6.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"1653_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001689","volume":"364","author":"AV Khera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khera AV, Cuchel M, de la Llera-Moya M, Rodrigues A, Burke MF, Jafri K, et al. Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:127\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1001689.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1653_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409065","volume":"371","author":"A Rohatgi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rohatgi A, Khera A, Berry JD, Givens EG, Ayers CR, Wedin KE, et al. Hdl cholesterol efflux capacity and incident cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2383\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1409065.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1653_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00126-6","volume":"3","author":"D Saleheen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saleheen D, Scott R, Javad S, Zhao W, Rodrigues A, Picataggi A, et al. Association of hdl cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary heart disease events: a prospective case-control study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:507\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00126-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1653_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300078-JLR200","volume":"44","author":"AM Vaughan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vaughan AM, Oram JF. Abca1 redistributes membrane cholesterol independent of apolipoprotein interactions. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:1373\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M300078-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1653_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.122","volume":"154","author":"D Busseuil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Busseuil D, Shi Y, Mecteau M, Brand G, Kernaleguen AE, Thorin E, et al. Regression of aortic valve stenosis by apoa-i mimetic peptide infusions in rabbits. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154:765\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjp.2008.122.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1653_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.027","volume":"219","author":"JI Lommi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lommi JI, Kovanen PT, Jauhiainen M, Lee-Rueckert M, Kupari M, Helske S. High-density lipoproteins (hdl) are present in stenotic aortic valves and may interfere with the mechanisms of valvular calcification. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219:538\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.027.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"1653_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.032291","volume":"138","author":"F Schlotter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schlotter F, Halu A, Goto S, Blaser MC, Body SC, Lee LH, et al. Spatiotemporal multi-omics mapping generates a molecular atlas of the aortic valve and reveals networks driving disease. Circulation. 2018;138:377\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.117.032291.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"1653_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-020-09905-5","volume":"51","author":"J Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim J, Aguilan JT, Sellers RS, Nagajyothi F, Weiss LM, Angeletti RH, et al. Lipid mass spectrometry imaging and proteomic analysis of severe aortic stenosis. J Mol Histol. 2020;51:559\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09905-5.","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"1653_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00049","volume":"6","author":"S Goto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goto S, Rogers MA, Blaser MC, Higashi H, Lee LH, Schlotter F, et al. Standardization of human calcific aortic valve disease in vitro modeling reveals passage-dependent calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;6:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00049.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"1653_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2021.08.002","volume":"44","author":"D Kocyigit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kocyigit D, Zimetti F, Gurses KM, Zanotti I, Marchi C, St\u00e5hlman M, et al. Cholesterol efflux promoting function of high-density lipoproteins in calcific aortic valve stenosis. Atherosclerosis Plus. 2021;44:18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2021.08.002.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis Plus"},{"key":"1653_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.18.10.1589","volume":"18","author":"L Kritharides","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kritharides L, Christian A, Stoudt G, Morel D, Rothblat GH. Cholesterol metabolism and efflux in human thp-1 macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1589\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.atv.18.10.1589.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.142455","volume":"27","author":"A Mulya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mulya A, Lee JY, Gebre AK, Thomas MJ, Colvin PL, Parks JS. Minimal lipidation of pre-beta hdl by abca1 results in reduced ability to interact with abca1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:1828\u201336.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen CH, Albers JJ. Characterization of proteoliposomes containing apoprotein A-I: a new substrate for the measurement of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity. J Lipid Res. 1982;23(5):680\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38100-1"},{"key":"1653_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000046962.43220.8a","volume":"14","author":"T Miida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miida T, Miyazaki O, Hanyu O, Nakamura Y, Hirayama S, Narita I, et al. Lcat-dependent conversion of prebeta1-hdl into alpha-migrating hdl is severely delayed in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:732\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asn.0000046962.43220.8a.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1653_CR35","first-page":"65","volume":"45","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M, Frohlich J. Measurement of fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in plasma depleted of apoprotein b containing lipoprotein: methods and normal values. Physiol Res. 1996;45:65\u201373.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"1653_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E460","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00127.2018","volume":"315","author":"M Boyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyer M, Mitchell PL, Poirier P, Alm\u00e9ras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, et al. Impact of a one-year lifestyle modification program on cholesterol efflux capacities in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2018;315:E460\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00127.2018.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1653_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Au - Lin C, Au - Zhu D, Au - Markby G, Au - Corcoran BM, Au - Farquharson C, Au - Macrae VE. Isolation and characterization of primary rat valve interstitial cells: a new model to study aortic valve calcification. JoVE. 2017:e56126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/56126.","DOI":"10.3791\/56126"},{"key":"1653_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700506-JLR200","volume":"49","author":"PT Duong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duong PT, Weibel GL, Lund-Katz S, Rothblat GH, Phillips MC. Characterization and properties of pre beta-hdl particles formed by abca1-mediated cellular lipid efflux to apoa-i. J Lipid Res. 2008;49:1006\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M700506-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1653_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.311574","volume":"39","author":"EJ Akers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akers EJ, Nicholls SJ, Di Bartolo BA. Plaque calcification: Do lipoproteins have a role? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39:1902\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.311574.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR40","first-page":"653","volume":"19","author":"H Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang H, Goland S, Burton K, Czer LS, Schwarz ER, Trento A. An agonist of liver x receptor slows valvular disease in a hypercholesterolemia mouse model. J Heart Valve Dis. 2010;19:653\u201364.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"1653_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(79)80009-X","volume":"34","author":"WHF Sutherland","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sutherland WHF, Temple WA, Nye ER. Lecithin:Cholesterol acyltransferase activity, plasma and lipoprotein lipids and obesity in men and women. Atherosclerosis. 1979;34:319\u201327.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"1653_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/med.0b013e328329233b","volume":"16","author":"X Rousset","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rousset X, Vaisman B, Amar M, Sethi AA, Remaley AT. Lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase--from biochemistry to role in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obesity. 2009;16:163\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/med.0b013e328329233b.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obesity"},{"key":"1653_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314609","volume":"40","author":"FM Sacks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sacks FM, Liang L, Furtado JD, Cai T, Davidson WS, He Z, et al. Protein-defined subspecies of hdls (high-density lipoproteins) and differential risk of coronary heart disease in 4 prospective studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40:2714\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314609.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1653_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-021-00925-4","volume":"23","author":"WS Davidson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davidson WS, Cooke AL, Swertfeger DK, Shah AS. The difference between high-density lipoprotein subfractions and subspecies: an evolving model in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2021;23:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-021-00925-4.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"1653_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00025.2016","volume":"32","author":"Y Sritharen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sritharen Y, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, Casaclang-Verzosa G, Miller JD. Pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis: is it both fibrocalcific and sex specific? Physiology (Bethesda, Md). 2017;32:182\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00025.2016.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md)"},{"key":"1653_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.04.013","volume":"12","author":"KB Rubinow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rubinow KB, Vaisar T, Chao JH, Heinecke JW, Page ST. Sex steroids mediate discrete effects on hdl cholesterol efflux capacity and particle concentration in healthy men. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12:1072\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.04.013.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"1653_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12044","volume":"43","author":"RM Badeau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badeau RM, Metso J, Kovanen PT, Lee-Rueckert M, Tikkanen MJ, Jauhiainen M. The impact of gender and serum estradiol levels on hdl-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. Eur J Clin Investig. 2013;43:317\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.12044.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1653_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-016-0909-8","volume":"32","author":"S Masjedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masjedi S, Lei Y, Patel J, Ferdous Z. Sex-related differences in matrix remodeling and early osteogenic markers in aortic valvular interstitial cells. Heart Vessel. 2017;32:217\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-016-0909-8.","journal-title":"Heart Vessel"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T12:07:56Z","timestamp":1653739676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-022-01653-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol for blood sampling for this study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the McGill University Health center. All participates gave written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed final manuscript and given consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No competing interests. The following disclosures apply, AEB served as site principal investigator for multi-center trials sponsored by Abbott, Inc. and CSL-Behring, for which her institution received compensation, and received honorarium from S2N Health, LLC outside of the published work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"48"}}