{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:08:00Z","timestamp":1787836080489,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the correlation between maternal glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood-lipid ratio in the first trimester and large-for- gestational-age (LGA) infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women in the first trimester of pregnancy who underwent regular obstetric examination in the obstetric outpatient department of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from June 2018 to March 2019 were included according to the standard. Basic information were collected based on questionnaires at the first visit of pregnant women, including early fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A1 (APO-A1), apolipoprotein B (APO-B), lipoprotein a (LP(a)), LDL\/HDL, TG\/HDL, TC\/HDL, APO-B\/APO-A1 ratio, birth weight of newborns, gestational age at delivery etc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 418 cases were included for analysis. The incidence rate of LGA infants was 13.88%, and that of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants was 4.78%. Univariate analysis revealed that the age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, APO-B\/APO-A1 between LGA group and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) group were significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that the correlation between maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, APO-B\/APO-A1 level and LGA were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); compared with the reference range of APO-B\/APO-A1 of 0.46\u20130.65, values\u2009&lt;\u20090.46 and\u2009&gt;\u20090.65 were protective factor of LGA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The receiver operating curve(ROC) indicated that the area under the curve (AUC)s for predicting LGA using maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and early pregnancy APO-B\/APO-A1 were 0.585, 0.606, 0.637, 0.531, respectively. The AUC for a combined prediction model was 0.742, showing greater predictive value than any other factors individually.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and APO-B\/APO-A1 levels in first trimester are significant factors influencing the occurrence of LGA infants, and the combination of the four factors would have certain predictive value for LGA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T03:03:59Z","timestamp":1675220639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The correlation between blood-lipid ratio in the first trimester and large-for-gestational-age infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1974082","volume":"53","author":"YF Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu YF, Jia ZX, Su SF, Han LC, Meng LL, Tang GD, et al. Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals of serum lipids and the associations with pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes: a population-based prospective study. Ann Med. 2021;53:1632\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab242","volume":"114","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Huang YC, Wu P, Ye Y, Sun FJ, Yang X, et al. Plasma lipidomics in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective nested case-control study in Chinese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114:1763\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05331-0","volume":"64","author":"ME Bianco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bianco ME, Kuang A, Josefson JL, Catalano PM, Dyer AR, Lowe LP, et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-Up Study: newborn anthropometrics and childhood glucose metabolism. Diabetologia. 2021;64:561\u201370.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer C, Sletner L, Morkrid K, Jenum AK, Birkeland KI. Effects of early pregnancy BMI, mid-gestational weight gain, glucose and lipid levels in pregnancy on offspring\u2019s birth weight and subcutaneous fat: a population-based cohort study. Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2015;15:84.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0512-5"},{"key":"1781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20816","volume":"22","author":"PR Olmos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olmos PR, Rigotti A, Busso D, Berkowitz L, Santos JL, Borzone GR, et al. Maternal Hypertriglyceridemia: A Link Between Maternal Overweight-Obesity and Macrosomia in Gestational Diabetes. Obesity. 2014;22:2156\u201363.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"1781_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000371628","volume":"66","author":"KC Kamana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamana KC, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Macrosomia: A Literature Review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66:14\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"1781_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahoo J, Mitra S, Nayak PK, Kamalanathan S. Comment on Prediction of Neonates\u2019 Macrosomia with Maternal Lipid Profile of Healthy Mothers by Mossayebi et al. Pediatr Neonatol. 2014;55:497\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.04.006"},{"key":"1781_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12742","volume":"83","author":"DY Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang DY, Xu SQ, Chen HT, Zhong LQ, Wang ZL. The associations between triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational-age infant. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;83:490\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1781_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","volume":"384","author":"J Villar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet. 2014;384:857\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1781_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000425668.87506.4c","volume":"121","author":"ACOG Committee opinion no","year":"2013","unstructured":"ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121:210\u20132.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1781_CR11","first-page":"47","volume":"17","author":"LL Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li LL, Wang L. Analysis of the influencing factors of neonatal low birth weight and nursing intervention countermeasures. Nurs Pract Res. 2020;17:47\u20138.","journal-title":"Nurs Pract Res"},{"key":"1781_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13593","volume":"53","author":"AZ Khambalia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khambalia AZ, Algert CS, Bowen JR, Collie RJ, Roberts CL. Long-term outcomes for large for gestational age infants born at term. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017;53:876\u201381.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1781_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakuyama H, Katoh M, Wakabayashi H, Zulli A, Kruzliak P, Uehara Y. Influence of gestational salt restriction in fetal growth and in development of diseases in adulthood. J Biomed Sci. 2016;23(1):12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0233-8"},{"key":"1781_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schimmel MS1, Bromiker R, Hammerman C. The effects of maternal age and parity on maternal and Neonatal utcome. Arch Gynecol bstet. 2015;291:793\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3469-0"},{"key":"1781_CR15","first-page":"4506","volume":"24","author":"SS Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li SS, Jin Y, Duan Y, Zhang C, Tian ML, Ma XY, Wang L. Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of low birth weight infants in Hebei Province. Chinese General Medicine. 2021;24:4506\u201311.","journal-title":"Chinese General Medicine"},{"key":"1781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paez KA, Griffey SJ, Thompson J, Gillman MW. Validation of self-reported weights and heights in the avoiding diabetes after pregnancy trial (ADAPT). BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14(1):65.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-65"},{"key":"1781_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1407-6","volume":"18","author":"D Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin D, Chung H, Weatherspoon L, Song WO. Validity of Prepregnancy Weight Status Estimated from Self-reported Height and Weight. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18:1667\u201374.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"1781_CR18","first-page":"92","volume":"31","author":"YH Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng YH, Qian JJ, Song XJ. The relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes. China J Modern Med. 2021;31:92\u20136.","journal-title":"China J Modern Med"},{"key":"1781_CR19","first-page":"705","volume":"49","author":"F Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang F, Chen Q, Yang L, Cai XL, Liu J, He Y. A prospective cohort study on the effects of pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight in Chongqing women. Health Res. 2020;49:705\u201310.","journal-title":"Health Res"},{"key":"1781_CR20","first-page":"535","volume":"26","author":"P Xin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xin P, Li J, Li CK, Fan LL, Zheng WL, Wang DZ. Association of lipid ratios TC\/HDL-C, TG\/HDL-C and LDL-C\/HDL-C with insulin resistance, diabetes and prediabetes Sex. Chinese J Disease Control. 2022;26:535\u201340.","journal-title":"Chinese J Disease Control"},{"key":"1781_CR21","first-page":"663","volume":"37","author":"GS Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su GS, Fu Q, Pang WY. Study on the ratio of apolipoprotein B\/apolipoprotein A1 and the severity of coronary artery lesions in young patients with coronary heart disease. J Clin Cardiovasc Diseases. 2021;37:663\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Cardiovasc Diseases"},{"key":"1781_CR22","first-page":"921","volume":"29","author":"YP Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao YP, Ling L. Study on the correlation between blood lipid LDL\/HDL and TG\/HDL ratio in the second trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus. Advances in Modern Obstetr Gynecol. 2020;29:921\u20134.","journal-title":"Advances in Modern Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"1781_CR23","first-page":"128","volume":"50","author":"FF Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang FF, Tian X, Yuan Y. Predictive value of apolipoprotein B\/A1 ratio combined with HOMA-IR index in high-risk pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes. Zhongnan J Med Sci. 2022;50:128\u201331.","journal-title":"Zhongnan J Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T03:10:56Z","timestamp":1675221056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01781-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2120791\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethical Committees of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University(CYFYLL2018005). Methods were carried out according to the approved guidelines. All study participants have provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}