{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:05:49Z","timestamp":1781640349045,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is on the rise, with studies showing dyslipidemia as a contributing factor to the progression of premalignant lesions to cervical cancer. In Uganda, cervical cancer and dyslipidemia are common health concerns, considering the increasing trends of dyslipidemia in the general population and inadequate information regarding dyslipidemia and cervical lesions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix among women attending a cervical cancer clinic at the Uganda Cancer Institute.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 among women with premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Data on social demographics and health-seeking behaviours were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire after written informed consent had been obtained. Pap smear collection preceded visual inspection with acetic acid; cervical biopsies were collected appropriately from eligible participants; and cervical lesions were classified using the Bethesda system 2014. Serum lipids, total cholesterol (T.C.), high-density lipoprotein (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc), and triglycerides (T.G.s) were analysed using the COBAS\u2122 6000 Clinical Chemistry Analyser. The associations were assessed using the chi-square test, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among women with cervical lesions was 118\/159 (74%), and low HDLc was the most prevalent at 64.6% (95% CI 39.0\u201354.3). High T.C. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05), high T.G.s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), and low HDL-c (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05) showed a significant association with precancerous lesions. High LDL-c (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019), high T.G.s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), and high T.G.s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) showed a statistically significant association with cancerous lesions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high, with high TC, T.G.s, and low HDL-c significantly associated with precancerous lesions. Also, elevated T.G.s and high LDLc were significantly associated with cancerous lesions. Women may benefit from dyslipidemia screening along with cervical cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>What this study adds<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study builds upon previous findings suggesting a link between dyslipidemia and cervical lesions by investigating the relationship between these two factors, specifically in women of this geographical location, where we need adequate information on these associations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1704535323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dyslipidemia: prevalence and association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix; a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gakii Fridah","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nixon","family":"Niyonzima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Atwine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deusdedit","family":"Tusubira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey R","family":"Mugyenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ssedyabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30482-6","volume":"8","author":"M Arbyn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(2):e191\u2013203.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1997_CR2","unstructured":"IARC IAfRoC. Cancer tomorrow. GLOBOCAN. 2020."},{"key":"1997_CR3","unstructured":"Bruni L, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, G\u00f3mez D, et al. Human papillomavirus and related diseases report. ICO\/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0088","volume":"24","author":"A Aragones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aragones A, Bruno D, Gany F. Attitudes surrounding implementation of the HPV vaccine for males among primary care providers serving large minority populations. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2013;24(2):768.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"1997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trim K, Nagji N, Elit L, Roy K. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards human papillomavirus vaccination for their children: a systematic review from 2001 to 2011. Obstetr Gynecol Int. 2012;2012:1-13.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/921236"},{"key":"1997_CR6","unstructured":"Institute NC. What Is Cervical Cancer? October 13, 2022; Available from: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/."},{"key":"1997_CR7","unstructured":"Organization W.H. Advocacy for cervical cancer prevention and control in Africa: facilitator manual. 2017."},{"key":"1997_CR8","unstructured":"Health WHOR, Organization W.H., Diseases WHOC, Promotion H. Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice: World Health Organization; 2006."},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28666","volume":"135","author":"E Roura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roura E, Castellsagu\u00e9 X, Pawlita M, Travier N, Waterboer T, Margall N, et al. Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(2):453\u201366 Epub 2013\/12\/18.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013","volume":"55","author":"H Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu H, Egger S, Velentzis LS, O\u2019Connell DL, Banks E, Darlington-Brown J, et al. Hormonal contraceptive use and smoking as risk factors for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in unvaccinated women aged 30\u201344 years: a case-control study in New South Wales. Australia Cancer Epidemiol. 2018;55:162\u20139.","journal-title":"Australia Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1997_CR11","unstructured":"IARC I. monographs vol. 100C Evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"1997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21953","volume":"119","author":"Cancer ICoESoC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cancer ICoESoC. Cervical carcinoma and reproductive factors: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 16,563 women with cervical carcinoma and 33,542 women without cervical carcinoma from 25 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(5):1108\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"1997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9092565","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9092565","volume":"2019","author":"F Ssedyabane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ssedyabane F, Amnia DA, Mayanja R, Omonigho A, Ssuuna C, Najjuma JN, et al. HPV-chlamydial coinfection, prevalence, and association with cervical intraepithelial lesions: a pilot study at Mbarara regional referral hospital. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;2019:9092565.","journal-title":"J Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1997_CR14","unstructured":"Pappan N, Rehman A. Dyslipidemia. StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2022."},{"issue":"8","key":"1997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.8.3779","volume":"15","author":"K Raju","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raju K, Punnayanapalya SS, Mariyappa N, Eshwarappa SM, Anjaneya C, Kai LJ. Significance of the plasma lipid profile in cases of carcinoma of cervix: a tertiary hospital based study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(8):3779\u201384.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"14","key":"1997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001470","volume":"127","author":"G Danaei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Danaei G, Singh GM, Paciorek CJ, Lin JK, Cowan MJ, Finucane MM, et al. The global cardiovascular risk transition: associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income, urbanization, and Western diet in 1980 and 2008. Circulation. 2013;127(14):1493\u2013502.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2013.11734436","volume":"26","author":"WH Oldewage-Theron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oldewage-Theron WH, Egal AA. Prevalence of and contributing factors to dyslipidaemia in low-income women aged 18\u201390 in the peri-urban Vaal region. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2013;26(1):23\u20139.","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundy SJJCL. Expert Dyslipidemia Panel. An International Atherosclerosis Society position paper: global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia.\u00a0J Clin Lipidol.\u00a02013;7(6):561\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.02.011","volume":"13","author":"M Frontela-Noda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frontela-Noda M, Delgado-Herrera DC, Cabrera-Rode E, Hern\u00e1ndez-Men\u00e9ndez M, Dur\u00e1n-Bornot R, Villarreal-Acosta A, et al. Association between components of the metabolic syndrome and degree of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in Cuban women. Diab Metab Syndr. 2019;13(2):1443\u20138 Epub 2019\/07\/25.","journal-title":"Diab Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.157150","volume":"5","author":"G Veghari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veghari G, Sedaghat M, Maghsodlo S, Banihashem S, Moharloei P, Angizeh A, et al. The association between abdominal obesity and serum cholesterol level. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(2):83.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051090","volume":"169","author":"S Cowey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cowey S, Hardy RW. The metabolic syndrome: a high-risk state for cancer? Am J Pathol. 2006;169(5):1505\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2831-y","volume":"36","author":"HK Ahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahn HK, Shin JW, Ahn HY, Park CY, Lee NW, Lee JK, et al. Metabolic components and recurrence in early-stage cervical cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015;36(3):2201\u20137 Epub 2014\/11\/16.","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"1997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushwah AS, Mishra R, Srivastava K, Mishra S, Banerjee M. Association of Dyslipidemia, Renal dysfunction, and Uricemia with HPV mediated Cervical Cancer. 2022.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1821603\/v1"},{"key":"1997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dey P. Basic and advanced laboratory techniques in histopathology and cytology: Springer; 2018.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8252-8"},{"key":"1997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayar R, Wilbur DCJAc. The pap test and Bethesda 2014.\u00a0J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2015;59(2):121\u201332.","DOI":"10.1159\/000381842"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","volume":"41","author":"F Mach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, et al. 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (E.S.C) and European Atherosclerosis Society (E.A.S). Eur Heart J. 2019;41(1):111\u201388.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2260-x","volume":"15","author":"A Blanc-Lapierre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanc-Lapierre A, Spence A, Karakiewicz PI, Aprikian A, Saad F, Parent M-\u00c9. Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case\u2013control study in Montreal, Canada. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):913.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"1997_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01274-4","volume":"25","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yao Y, et al. High prevalence of overweight\/obesity and dyslipidemia in patients with intracranial germ cell tumors. Pituitary. 2022;25(6):938\u201347.","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9197-7","volume":"19","author":"L Magura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magura L, Blanchard R, Hope B, Beal JR, Schwartz GG, Sahmoun AE. Hypercholesterolemia and prostate cancer: a hospital-based case\u2013control study. Cancer Causes Contr. 2008;19:1259\u201366.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Contr"},{"key":"1997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S352934","volume":"15","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang Q, Wang L, Jin M, Shou Y, Zhu H, Li A. The clinical value of lipid abnormalities in early stage cervical cancer. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:3903\u201314 Epub 2022\/04\/19.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13091997","volume":"13","author":"K Sitarz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sitarz K, Czamara K, Bialecka J, Klimek M, Szostek S, Kaczor A. Dual switch in lipid metabolism in cervical epithelial cells during dysplasia development observed using Raman microscopy and molecular methods. Cancers. 2021;13(9):1997.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605007","volume":"100","author":"T Mashima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mashima T, Seimiya H, Tsuruo T. De novo fatty-acid synthesis and related pathways as molecular targets for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(9):1369\u201372.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR33","first-page":"348","volume":"37","author":"Y Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun Y, Meng H, Jin Y, Shi X, Wu Y, Fan D, et al. Serum lipid profile in gynecologic tumors: a retrospective clinical study of 1,550 patients. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2016;37(3):348\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.052","volume":"125","author":"H Ulmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ulmer H, Bj\u00f8rge T, Concin H, Lukanova A, Manjer J, Hallmans G, et al. Metabolic risk factors and cervical cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me\u2013Can). Gynecol Oncol. 2012;125(2):330\u20135.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0150-x","volume":"50","author":"X Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo X, Zhao X, Cheng C, Li N, Liu Y, Cao Y. The implications of signaling lipids in cancer metastasis. Exp Mol Med. 2018;50(9):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"5930","key":"1997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","volume":"324","author":"MG Vander Heiden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science. 2009;324(5930):1029\u201333.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"4","key":"1997_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.09.002","volume":"16","author":"W Shao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shao W, Espenshade PJ. Expanding roles for SREBP in metabolism. Cell Metab. 2012;16(4):414\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"1997_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0451-4","volume":"120","author":"R Munir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress. Br J Cancer. 2019;120(12):1090\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1997_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.11.004","volume":"20","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li J, Condello S, Thomes-Pepin J, Ma X, Xia Y, Hurley TD, et al. Lipid desaturation is a metabolic marker and therapeutic target of ovarian cancer stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20(3):303\u201314 e5.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"issue":"9","key":"1997_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgq131","volume":"31","author":"RA Igal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Igal RA. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1: a novel key player in the mechanisms of cell proliferation, programmed cell death and transformation to cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2010;31(9):1509\u201315.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1997_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6362","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b01312","volume":"90","author":"S Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan S, Cui S, Ke K, Zhao B, Liu X, Yue S, et al. Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy unravels aberrant accumulation of saturated fat in human liver cancer. Anal Chem. 2018;90(11):6362\u20136.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1997_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"38","author":"Y-P Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y-P, Lei Q-Y. Metabolic recoding of epigenetics in cancer. Cancer Commun. 2018;38(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"1997_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3230","volume":"13","author":"PA Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones PA. Functions of D.N.A. methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and beyond. Nature Rev Genet. 2012;13(7):484\u201392.","journal-title":"Nature Rev Genet."},{"key":"1997_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin F, Zheng R, Yu C, Su Y, Yan X, Qu F. Predictive role of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in cervical cancer survival. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2021;31(2).","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001333"},{"key":"1997_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01001-w","volume":"20","author":"W Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun W, Qin X, Zhou J, Xu M, Lyu Z, Li X, et al. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in cervical exfoliated cells and risk of cervical cancer among HPV-positive women. BMC Women\u2019s Health. 2020;20:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health."}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1704813043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01997-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"<b>Ethics approval and consent to participate<\/b>The Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (MUST-2021\u2013311) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS2087ES) reviewed and approved the protocol and informed consent documents. The study team also obtained administrative clearance from the Uganda Cancer Institute (SR.06\/22) to conduct the study at the institute and received written informed consent from each participant before participation in the study. This study was conducted following the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013, and each participant was given an explanation of the study\u2019s purpose and the benefits and risks associated with participation. For confidentiality, all laboratory specimens, evaluation forms, and reports were identified by coded numbers and secured under lock and key.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}