{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:51:25Z","timestamp":1790603485362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program (general projects) of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["No. 20202BBGL73040, and 20202BBEL53005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20202BBGL73040, and 20202BBEL53005"]}]},{"name":"Applied research and cultivation program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["No. 20212BAG70012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20212BAG70012"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 2022YFE0209900, 2021YFC2500600, and 2021YFC2500602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022YFE0209900, 2021YFC2500600, and 2021YFC2500602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China","award":["No. 81700792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 81700792"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","award":["No. 2018ACB21035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018ACB21035"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Young Scientists of China","award":["No. 20171BAB215004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20171BAB215004"]}]},{"name":"Nanchang University Youth Teacher Training Fund","award":["No. PY201821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PY201821"]}]},{"name":"Project of Jiangxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["No. 20185208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20185208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Moyamoya disease (MMD) has attracted the attention of scholars because of its rarity and unknown etiology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data for this study were sourced from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association in Lipoprotein [Lp(a)] and MMD. R and IBM SPSS were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cohort comprising 1012 MMD patients and 2024 controls was established through the propensity score matching method. Compared with controls, MMD patients showed higher median Lp(a) concentrations [18.5 (9.6\u201337.8) mg\/dL vs. 14.9 (7.8\u201330.5) mg\/dL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for Lp(a) were calculated in three models: unadjusted model, model 1 (adjusted for body mass index and systolic blood pressure), and model 2 (adjusted for model 1 plus triglyceride, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results were [1.613 (1.299\u20132.002), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], [1.598 (1.286\u20131.986), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], and [1.661 (1.330\u20132.074), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], respectively. Furthermore, age, sex, or hypertension status had nothing to do with this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Positive relationship exists between Lp(a) and MMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T10:03:01Z","timestamp":1705917781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianrun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2015_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017694393","volume":"12","author":"S Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang S, et al. Etiology and pathogenesis of Moyamoya Disease: an update on disease prevalence. Int J Stroke. 2017;12(3):246\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2015_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2015.57.6.390","volume":"57","author":"T Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim T, et al. Epidemiology of Moyamoya Disease in Korea: based on National Health Insurance Service Data. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015;57(6):390\u20135.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2015_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.09.020","volume":"115","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayashi K, et al. An epidemiological survey of moyamoya disease, unilateral moyamoya disease and quasi-moyamoya disease in Japan. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115(7):930\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.01627","volume":"18","author":"JS Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim JS, Disease M. Epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis. J Stroke. 2016;18(1):2\u201311.","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2021-000909","volume":"6","author":"Y Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Y, et al. Incidence and prevalence of moyamoya disease in urban China: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2021;6(4):615\u201323.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"2015_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.175","volume":"122","author":"XY Bao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bao XY, et al. Epidemiology of Moyamoya Disease in China: Single-Center, Population-based study. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e917\u201323.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2015_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100331","volume":"18","author":"D Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang D, et al. Epidemiology of Moyamoya disease in China: a nationwide hospital-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;18:100331.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2015_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687088","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.687088","volume":"12","author":"Y Mineharu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mineharu Y, Miyamoto S. RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: key regulators of metabolism, inflammation, and Vascular Stability. Front Neurol. 2021;12:687088.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2015_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.245","volume":"52","author":"Guidelines for diagnosis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guidelines for diagnosis. And treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(5):245\u201366.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2015_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.FOCUS1151","volume":"30","author":"DG Weinberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinberg DG, et al. Moyamoya disease: a review of histopathology, biochemistry, and genetics. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;30(6):E20.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"12","key":"2015_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.07.028","volume":"26","author":"D Kashiwazaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kashiwazaki D, Uchino H, Kuroda S. Downregulation of Apolipoprotein-E and Apolipoprotein-J in Moyamoya Disease-A Proteome Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(12):2981\u20137.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa252","volume":"67","author":"RC Hoogeveen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM. Residual Cardiovascular risk at low LDL: remnants, Lipoprotein(a), and inflammation. Clin Chem. 2021;67(1):143\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"33","key":"2015_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz633","volume":"40","author":"TF L\u00fcscher","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher TF. Frontiers in lipid research: lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein C-III and E, and PCSK9 and inflammation. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(33):2741\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2015_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-017-1012-y","volume":"25","author":"CJ Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan CJ. Reducing bias using propensity score matching. J Nucl Cardiol. 2018;25(2):404\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01504-x","volume":"20","author":"Q Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu Q, et al. High lipoprotein(a) concentrations are associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk in the Chinese Han population: a large retrospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1):76.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2015_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00058-9","volume":"99","author":"DH Han","year":"1997","unstructured":"Han DH, Nam DH, Oh CW. Moyamoya disease in adults: characteristics of clinical presentation and outcome after encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99(Suppl 2):151\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2015_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2023.01.006","volume":"17","author":"D Thayabaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thayabaran D, et al. The effect of adjusting LDL-cholesterol for lp(a)-cholesterol on the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2023;17(2):244\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2015_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jawi MM, Frohlich J, Chan SY. Lipoprotein(a) the Insurgent: A New Insight into the Structure, Function, Metabolism, Pathogenicity, and Medications Affecting Lipoprotein(a) Molecule. J Lipids. 2020; 2020: 3491764.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3491764"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa247","volume":"67","author":"PR Kamstrup","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamstrup PR. Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Chem. 2021;67(1):154\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2015_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.042","volume":"69","author":"S Tsimikas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsimikas S. A test in Context: lipoprotein(a): diagnosis, prognosis, controversies, and emerging therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(6):692\u2013711.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2015_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han W et al. Association of Brain-Gut Peptides with Inflammatory Cytokines in Moyamoya Disease. Mediators Inflamm. 2020; 2020: 5847478.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5847478"},{"issue":"8","key":"2015_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030027","volume":"51","author":"P Ge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ge P, et al. Modifiable risk factors Associated with Moyamoya Disease: a case-control study. Stroke. 2020;51(8):2472\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"2015_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-022-02092-w","volume":"72","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, et al. Data-Independent Acquisition-based serum proteomic profiling of adult Moyamoya Disease patients reveals the potential pathogenesis of vascular changes. J Mol Neurosci. 2022;72(12):2473\u201385.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807301934","volume":"22","author":"A Skardoutsou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skardoutsou A, et al. Moya Moya syndrome in a child with pyruvate kinase deficiency and combined prothrombotic factors. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(4):474\u20138.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2015_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ljungberg J et al. Lipoprotein(a) and the apolipoprotein B\/A1 ratio independently associate with surgery for aortic stenosis only in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(12).","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007160"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01728-5","volume":"21","author":"J Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao J, et al. Low lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with atrial fibrillation: a large retrospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):119.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2015_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.3508","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, et al. Association between Cumulative Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Exposure during Young Adulthood and Middle Age and Risk of Cardiovascular events. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(12):1406\u201313.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2015_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.10.044","volume":"501","author":"Y Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu Y, et al. Interaction of lipoprotein(a) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on first incident acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;501:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608471","volume":"42","author":"H Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li H, et al. Increased thyroid function and elevated thyroid autoantibodies in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease: a case-control study. Stroke. 2011;42(4):1138\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"2015_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.529420","volume":"40","author":"N Rafat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rafat N, et al. Increased levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with Moyamoya disease. Stroke. 2009;40(2):432\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"2015_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.12.007","volume":"37","author":"MB Boffa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boffa MB, Marcovina SM, Koschinsky ML. Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis: mechanistic insights from animal models. Clin Biochem. 2004;37(5):333\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306246","volume":"118","author":"MG Sorci-Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ. Microdomains, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2016;118(4):679\u201391.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2015_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.02.001","volume":"119","author":"M Pirro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pirro M, et al. Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation: a dangerous duet leading to endothelial loss of integrity. Pharmacol Res. 2017;119:178\u201387.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2015_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008983110941","volume":"7","author":"G Christ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Christ G, et al. Plasmin activation system in restenosis: role in pathogenesis and clinical prediction? J Thromb Thrombolysis. 1999;7(3):277\u201385.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T10:07:57Z","timestamp":1705918077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02015-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics review and approval for this study were obtained from the ethics committees of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}