{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T18:00:03Z","timestamp":1765389603558},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Studies have found that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are linked to a variety of diseases. However, evidence for the relationship between stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and HDL-C remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>590 eligible women were enrolled. Basic characteristic, gynecological examinations and blood sampling were collected. The examination of the possible link between HDL-C and SUI was done using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Feature importance ranking and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to further evaluate the association between HDL-C and SUI in women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A significant association was found between HDL-C and SUI in women, revealing higher HDL-C levels were related to a lower risk of SUI (OR 0.238; 95%CI: 0.091\u20130.623; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) after adjustment for potential key confounders. The AUC for the SUI predicted by the combined HDL-C was 0.845 (95%CI: 0.798\u20130.891, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The feature importance ranking revealed that vaginal delivery, HDL-C were the top two important factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HDL-C levels were correlated with the development of SUI. In addition to physical and surgical treatments, HDL-C may offer the possibility of potential targeted treatment and prevention of SUI afterwards.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T05:01:48Z","timestamp":1717736508000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level with risk of stress urinary incontinence in women: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Wenning","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baojia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00735-x","volume":"20","author":"K Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue K, Palmer MH, Zhou F. Prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence in women living in China: a literature review. BMC Urol. 2020;20(1):20:159.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2137_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1914037","volume":"384","author":"JM Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu JM. Stress incontinence in women. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(17):2428\u201336.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2137_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03975-0","volume":"31","author":"S \u00c5hlund","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c5hlund S, Rothstein E, R\u00e5destad I, Zwedberg S, Lindgren H. Urinary incontinence after uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth in primiparous women during the first year after birth. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(7):1409\u201316.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2137_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-011-0209-x","volume":"12","author":"EC Chong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chong EC, Khan AA, Anger JT. The financial burden of stress urinary incontinence among women in the United States. Curr Urol Rep. 2011;12(5):358\u201362.","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"2137_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.12.008","volume":"109","author":"G Capobianco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capobianco G, Madonia M, Morelli S, Dessole F, De Vita D, Cherchi PL, et al. Management of female stress urinary incontinence: a care pathway and update. Maturitas. 2018;109:32\u20138.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"2137_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.03.016","volume":"225","author":"M Abufaraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abufaraj M, Xu T, Cao C, Siyam A, Isleem U, Massad A, et al. Prevalence and trends in urinary incontinence among women in the United States, 2005\u20132018. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(2):e1661\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2137_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083981","volume":"22","author":"FA Schmid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmid FA, Williams JK, Kessler TM, Stenzl A, Aicher WK, Andersson KE, et al. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence with muscle stem cells and stem cell components: chances, challenges and future prospects. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3981.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2137_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford AA, Rogerson L, Cody JD, Aluko P, Ogah JA. Mid-urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;31;7(7):CD006375.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006375.pub4"},{"issue":"12","key":"2137_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00254-y","volume":"27","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Xu X, Jia G, Jiang H. Risk factors for Postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2020;27(12):2129\u201345.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"2137_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac605","volume":"44","author":"A von Eckardstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"von Eckardstein A, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Catapano AL. High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(16):1394\u2013407.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2137_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-9-11","volume":"9","author":"MH Ebbesen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ebbesen MH, Hannestad YS, Midthjell K, Hunskaar S. Diabetes related risk factors did not explain the increased risk for urinary incontinence among women with diabetes. The Norwegian HUNT\/EPINCONT study. BMC Urol. 2009;9:11.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2137_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-014-0832-9","volume":"46","author":"M Dursun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dursun M, Otunctemur A, Ozbek E, Sahin S, Besiroglu H, Koklu I. Stress urinary incontinence and visceral adipose index: a new risk parameter. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(12):2297\u2013300.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2137_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.08.093","volume":"199","author":"MM Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim MM, Kreydin EI. The association of serum testosterone levels and urinary incontinence in women. J Urol. 2018;199(2):522\u201327.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2137_CR14","first-page":"555","volume":"29","author":"MP Rodrigues","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodrigues MP, Paiva LL, Ramos JGL, Ferla L. Vibratory perineal stimulation for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(4):555\u201362.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2137_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.06.004","volume":"33","author":"KM Dos Santos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dos Santos KM, Da Roza T, da Silva LL, Wolpe RE, da Silva Hon\u00f3rio GJ. Tonon Da Luz SC. Female sexual function and urinary incontinence in nulliparous athletes: an exploratory study. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;33:21\u20136.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2137_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2020.118805","volume":"482","author":"Y Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding Y, Zang R. Determinants of aboveground biomass in forests across three climatic zones in China. For Ecol Manag. 2021;482:118805.","journal-title":"For Ecol Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2137_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190828","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0828","volume":"2","author":"I Yunusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, Regestein QR, Eguale T. Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3):e190828.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2137_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04622-9","volume":"32","author":"K Falah-Hassani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falah-Hassani K, Reeves J, Shiri R, Hickling D, McLean L. The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(3):501\u201352.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2137_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666161027153140","volume":"23","author":"E Zakiev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zakiev E, Feng M, Sukhorukov V, Kontush A. HDL-targeting therapeutics: past, present and future. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(8):1207\u201315.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22885","volume":"36","author":"A Augoulea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Augoulea A, Sioutis D, Rizos D, Panoulis C, Triantafyllou N, Armeni E, et al. Stress urinary incontinence and endogenous sex steroids in postmenopausal women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(1):121\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2137_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001122","volume":"28","author":"W Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang W, Peng L, Gao X, Luo D. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in aged female patients (older than 65 years) with and without stress urinary incontinence: a case-control study. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2022;28(2):e11\u20135.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"2137_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25796","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025796","volume":"100","author":"J Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao J, Liu X, Zuo Y, Li X. Risk factors of postpartum stress urinary incontinence in primiparas: what should we care. Med (Baltim). 2021;100(20):e25796.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03880-6","volume":"31","author":"RLM tr\u00f6her","year":"2020","unstructured":"tr\u00f6her RLM, Sartori MGF, Takano CC, de Ara\u00fajo MP, Gir\u00e3o MJBC. Metabolic syndrome in women with and without stress urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(1):173\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2137_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000155017.60171.88","volume":"25","author":"M Okazaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okazaki M, Usui S, Ishigami M, Sakai N, Nakamura T, Matsuzawa Y, et al. Identification of unique lipoprotein subclasses for visceral obesity by component analysis of cholesterol profile in high-performance liquid chromatography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(3):578\u201384.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.047","volume":"205","author":"YH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim YH, Kim JJ, Kim SM, Choi Y, Jeon MJ. Association between metabolic syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction in middle-aged to older Korean women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(1):71\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2137_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051061","volume":"10","author":"F Bonacina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonacina F, Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. HDL in immune-inflammatory responses: implications beyond cardiovascular diseases. Cells. 2021;10(5):1061.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"2137_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051041","volume":"10","author":"J Robert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robert J, Osto E, von Eckardstein A. The endothelium is both a target and a barrier of HDL\u2019s protective functions. Cells. 2021;10(5):1041.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01226-3","volume":"15","author":"S Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao S, Meng L, Lin L, Hu X, Li X. The association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index and urinary incontinence in the United States: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2001\u20132018. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15(1):248.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2137_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-545","volume":"14","author":"JG Lyons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lyons JG, O\u2019Dea K, Walker KZ. Evidence for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Australian indigenous peoples: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:545.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2137_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.14","volume":"16","author":"MK Townsend","year":"2008","unstructured":"Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. BMI, waist circumference, and incident urinary incontinence in older women. Obesity. 2008;16(4):881\u20136.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2137_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H916","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00017.2024","volume":"326","author":"JM Giacona","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giacona JM, Petric UB, Kositanurit W, Wang J, Saldanha S, Young BE, et al. HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I are independently associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024;326(4):H916\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2137_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12403","volume":"14","author":"S Iguchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iguchi S, Inoue-Hirakawa T, Nojima I, Noguchi T, Sugiura H. Relationships between stress urinary incontinence and trunk muscle mass or spinal alignment in older women. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2022;14(1):10\u20136.","journal-title":"Low Urin Tract Symptoms"},{"issue":"5","key":"2137_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.11.018","volume":"25","author":"P Mirmiran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mirmiran P, Ramezankhani A, Azizi F. Combined effects of saturated fat and cholesterol intakes on serum lipids: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Nutrition. 2009;25(5):526\u201331.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"10","key":"2137_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq065","volume":"171","author":"NN Maserejien","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maserejien NN, Giovannucci EL, McVary KT, McGrother C, McKinlay JB. Dietary macronutrient and energy intake and urinary incontinence in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(10):1116\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T05:04:52Z","timestamp":1717736692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02137-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved the Research Ethics Committee of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China (No. 2021-K32-1).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the participants gave consent for direct quotes from their interviews to be used in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"171"}}