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Weighted logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to analyse the associations of the concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids ratio with the risk of periodontitis. E-value and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were used for sensitivity analyses. In addition, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were performed to assess the potential causal impact of the concentrations of those fatty acids on periodontitis risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2462 participants from the NHANES were included. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high omega-3 fatty acids levels were negatively associated with the risk of developing periodontitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids ratio was positively associated with the risk of developing periodontitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There was no significant association between omega-6 concentrations and the risk of periodontitis. The findings mentioned above were confirmed by analysis following a 1:1 PSM. Furthermore, MR examination of the two samples indicated no possible causal link between the risk of periodontitis and the concentrations of omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids or the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although omega-3 fatty acids and the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids ratio were associated with the risk of periodontitis in cross-sectional studies, the MR results did not support a causal relationship between them. Therefore, there is no indication that an increase in the omega-3 fatty acids concentration or a decrease in the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids ratio may be beneficial for preventing periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02159-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T10:51:49Z","timestamp":1717498309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and periodontitis: NHANES 2011\u20132014 and Mendelian randomisation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38","volume":"3","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. 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