{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:42:18Z","timestamp":1788486138534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2022YFC2505202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2505202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T07:57:11Z","timestamp":1736495831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association between lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in US adults: results from NHANES 2007\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Junwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelibinuer","family":"Mutailipu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640\u20135.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"2411_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4350","volume":"23","author":"MP Czech","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czech MP. Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Med. 2017;23:804\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2411_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"CK Roberts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol. 2013;3:1\u201358.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2411_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","volume":"365","author":"RH Eckel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365:1415\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2411_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","volume":"20","author":"MG Saklayen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saklayen MG. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20:12.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"2411_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14263-w","volume":"22","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Wang X, Chen Z, Shao L, et al. The prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome according to different definitions in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study, 2012\u20132015. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1869.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2411_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017","volume":"98","author":"MC Petersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol Rev. 2018;98:2133\u2013223.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2411_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539528","volume":"112","author":"PWF Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson PWF, D\u2019Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066\u201372.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2411_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4","volume":"2","author":"H Yki-J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yki-J\u00e4rvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:901\u201310.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2411_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034","volume":"56","author":"S Mottillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1113\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2411_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e2ndido FG, da Silva A, Zanirate GA, Oliveira NMCE, Hermsdorff HHM. Lymphocyte to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is Positively Associated with Pre-diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Non-traditional Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Cross-sectional Study at Secondary Health Care. Inflammation. 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02111-5"},{"key":"2411_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367919","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1367919","volume":"11","author":"H Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou H, Li X, Wang W, Zha Y, Gao G, Li S, et al. Immune-inflammatory biomarkers for the occurrence of MACE in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1367919.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2411_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927768","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.927768","volume":"9","author":"X Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang X, Yang S, Zhao Q, Chen X, Pan J, Lai S, et al. Predictive value of Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for coronary artery vulnerable plaques in type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:927768.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2411_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00479","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.479","volume":"7","author":"R Kolahi Ahari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kolahi Ahari R, Akbari N, Babaeepoor N, Fallahi Z, Saffar Soflaei S, Ferns G, et al. Association of three novel inflammatory markers: lymphocyte to HDL-C ratio, high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein to HDL-C ratio and high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio with metabolic syndrome. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;7:e00479.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2411_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583320","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.583320","volume":"8","author":"S Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu S, Guo X, Li G, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. Lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio but not platelet to lymphocyte ratio effectively predicts metabolic syndrome among subjects from Rural China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:583320.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2411_CR16","first-page":"4624","volume":"110","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Di X, Liu M, Wei J, Li T, Liao B. Association between daily sitting time and kidney stones based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007\u20132016: a cross-sectional study. Int J Surg. 2024;110:4624.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2411_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02143-8","volume":"23","author":"M-Y Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan M-Y, Weng L, Yang Z-H, Zhu S-X, Wu S, Su J-H. The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus: recent findings from NHANES 2007\u20132018. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23:151.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2411_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S238990","volume":"13","author":"T Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen T, Chen H, Xiao H, Tang H, Xiang Z, Wang X, et al. Comparison of the value of neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome among a Population in the Southern Coast of China. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obesity: Targets Therapy. 2020;13:597.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obesity: Targets Therapy"},{"key":"2411_CR19","first-page":"531","volume":"1","author":"Insulin Resistance and Incident Heart Failure","year":"2013","unstructured":"Insulin Resistance and Incident Heart Failure. The ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in communities). JACC: Heart Fail. 2013;1:531\u20136.","journal-title":"JACC: Heart Fail"},{"key":"2411_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108085","volume":"188","author":"Age-related differences","year":"2024","unstructured":"Age-related differences. In fluctuations in insulin resistance evaluated with HOMA-IR and triglyceride and glucose-based indices during the menstrual cycle, as determined using the NHANES cross-sectional dataset. Maturitas. 2024;188:108085.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2411_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults","year":"2001","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486\u201397.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2411_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S219363","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen H, Xiong C, Shao X, Ning J, Gao P, Xiao H, et al. Lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as a New Indicator of inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:2117\u201323.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"2411_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14616","volume":"63","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang S, Gong Z, Zhao W, Lin X, Liu Y, et al. Association between migraine and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective population-based cohort study. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2023;63:1109\u201318.","journal-title":"Headache: J Head Face Pain"},{"key":"2411_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153052","volume":"14","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang L, Chen C, Dong Z, Yu S. Association between Dietary Niacin Intake and Migraine among American adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients. 2022;14:3052.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2411_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45776","DOI":"10.2196\/45776","volume":"9","author":"J Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang J, Huang S, Jiang N, Kakaer A, Chen Y, Liu M, et al. Association between Joint Physical Activity and Dietary Quality and Lower Risk of Depression symptoms in US Adults: cross-sectional NHANES Study. JMIR Public Health Surveillance. 2023;9:e45776.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveillance"},{"key":"2411_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001636","volume":"110","author":"X Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei X, Min Y, Xiang Z, Zeng Y, Wang J, Liu L. Joint association of physical activity and dietary quality with survival among US cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study. Int J Surg. 2024;110:5585\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2411_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02249-6","volume":"61","author":"W Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu W, Liu Q, Liu F, Jiao C, Zhang L, Xie H. High remnant cholesterol as a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of a US population. Acta Diabetol. 2024;61:735\u201343.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2411_CR28","unstructured":"Johnson CL, Paulose-Ram R, Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kruszon-Moran D, Dohrmann SM et al. National health and nutrition examination survey: analytic guidelines, 1999\u20132010. Vital Health Stat 2. 2013;1\u201324."},{"key":"2411_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S219363","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen H, Xiong C, Shao X, Ning J, Gao P, Xiao H, et al. Lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as a New Indicator of inflammation and metabolic syndrome. DMSO. 2019;12:2117\u201323.<\\\/p>","journal-title":"DMSO"},{"key":"2411_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C\u00e2ndido FG, da Silva A, Zanirate GA, Oliveira NMC e., Hermsdorff HHM. Lymphocyte to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is Positively Associated with Pre-diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Non-traditional Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Cross-sectional Study at Secondary Health Care. Inflammation [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Oct 23]; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02063-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02063-w"},{"key":"2411_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R086975","volume":"60","author":"AP Frank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frank AP, de Souza Santos R, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Determinants of body fat distribution in humans may provide insight about obesity-related health risks. J Lipid Res. 2019;60:1710\u20139.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2411_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.057","volume":"242","author":"R Quispe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quispe R, Manalac RJ, Faridi KF, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Kulkarni KR, et al. Relationship of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio to the remainder of the lipid profile: the very large database of Lipids-4 (VLDL-4) study. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242:243\u201350.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2411_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1123-3","volume":"18","author":"W-C Yeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeh W-C, Tsao Y-C, Li W-C, Tzeng I-S, Chen L-S, Chen J-Y. Elevated triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio is an indicator for insulin resistance in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18:176.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2411_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377792","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1377792","volume":"15","author":"H Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo H, Wan C, Zhu J, Jiang X, Li S. Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with insulin resistance and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol. 2024;15:1377792.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2411_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1964","volume":"15","author":"S Nishimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nishimura S, Manabe I, Nagasaki M, Eto K, Yamashita H, Ohsugi M, et al. CD8\u2009+\u2009effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Nat Med. 2009;15:914\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2411_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616193","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/616193","volume":"2013","author":"PS Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel PS, Buras ED, Balasubramanyam A. The role of the Immune System in obesity and insulin resistance. J Obes. 2013;2013:616193.","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"2411_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01137","volume":"420","author":"J Hirosumi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L, G\u00f6rg\u00fcn CZ, Uysal KT, Maeda K, et al. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance. Nature. 2002;420:333\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2411_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48115","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209459200","volume":"277","author":"Z Gao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gao Z, Hwang D, Bataille F, Lefevre M, York D, Quon MJ, et al. Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by inhibitor kappa B kinase complex. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:48115\u201321.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2411_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2353","volume":"17","author":"DA Winer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winer DA, Winer S, Shen L, Wadia PP, Yantha J, Paltser G, et al. B cells promote insulin resistance through modulation of T cells and production of pathogenic IgG antibodies. Nat Med. 2011;17:610\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2411_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023556","volume":"6","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Feng H, Guo R, Jin L, Wan R, et al. High density lipoprotein (HDL) promotes glucose uptake in adipocytes and glycogen synthesis in muscle cells. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e23556.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2411_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.843219","volume":"119","author":"BG Drew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drew BG, Duffy SJ, Formosa MF, Natoli AK, Henstridge DC, Penfold SA, et al. High-density lipoprotein modulates glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2009;119:2103\u201311.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2411_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0252","volume":"150","author":"S R\u00fctti","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00fctti S, Ehses JA, Sibler RA, Prazak R, Rohrer L, Georgopoulos S, et al. Low- and high-density lipoproteins modulate function, apoptosis, and proliferation of primary human and murine pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology. 2009;150:4521\u201330.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2411_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu143","volume":"103","author":"A von Eckardstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Eckardstein A, Widmann C. High-density lipoprotein, beta cells, and diabetes. Cardiovascular Res. 2014;103:384\u201394.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Res"},{"key":"2411_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000146094.59640.13","volume":"95","author":"PJ Barter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye K-A, Anantharamaiah GM, Navab M, Fogelman AM. Antiinflammatory properties of HDL. Circul Res. 2004;95:764\u201372.","journal-title":"Circul Res"},{"key":"2411_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00173-5","volume":"35","author":"S-H Park","year":"2003","unstructured":"Park S-H, Park JHY, Kang J-S, Kang Y-H. Involvement of transcription factors in plasma HDL protection against TNF-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2003;35:168\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2411_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0024","volume":"29","author":"M-A Cornier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cornier M-A, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:777\u2013822.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2411_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70143-8","volume":"2","author":"LD Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts LD, Koulman A, Griffin JL. Towards metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: progress from the metabolome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:65\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2411_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020786","volume":"23","author":"G Fahed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fahed G, Aoun L, Bou Zerdan M, Allam S, Bou Zerdan M, Bouferraa Y, et al. Metabolic syndrome: updates on pathophysiology and management in 2021. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:786.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2411_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02236-1","volume":"14","author":"M Esler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Esler M, Rumantir M, Wiesner G, Kaye D, Hastings J, Lambert G. Sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance: from obesity to diabetes. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:S304\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2411_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00964-1","volume":"21","author":"TJ Guzik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guzik TJ, Nosalski R, Maffia P, Drummond GR. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024;21:396\u2013416.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2411_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu119","volume":"35","author":"N Idris-Khodja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Idris-Khodja N, Mian MOR, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Dual opposing roles of adaptive immunity in hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1238\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2411_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.124","volume":"13","author":"RS Rosenson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenson RS, Brewer HB, Ansell BJ, Barter P, Chapman MJ, Heinecke JW, et al. Dysfunctional HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13:48\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2411_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000075912.83860.26","volume":"23","author":"N Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang N, Tall AR. Regulation and mechanisms of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1178\u201384.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2411_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R039297","volume":"55","author":"K-A Rye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rye K-A, Barter PJ. Cardioprotective functions of HDLs. J Lipid Res. 2014;55:168\u201379.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2411_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.258673","volume":"111","author":"C Mineo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mineo C, Shaul PW. Novel biological functions of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Circ Res. 2012;111:1079\u201390.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2411_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/89986","volume":"7","author":"IS Yuhanna","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yuhanna IS, Zhu Y, Cox BE, Hahner LD, Osborne-Lawrence S, Lu P, et al. High-density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nat Med. 2001;7:853\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2411_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32833bcdc1","volume":"21","author":"A Kontush","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21:312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2411_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118345","volume":"96","author":"BJ Van Lenten","year":"1995","unstructured":"Van Lenten BJ, Hama SY, de Beer FC, Stafforini DM, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, et al. Anti-inflammatory HDL becomes pro-inflammatory during the acute phase response. Loss of protective effect of HDL against LDL oxidation in aortic wall cell cocultures. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:2758\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2411_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000333","volume":"27","author":"KR Feingold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effect of inflammation on HDL structure and function. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016;27:521.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2411_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000232522.47018.a6","volume":"26","author":"BJ Van Lenten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Lenten BJ, Reddy ST, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Arteriosclerosis. Thromb Vascular Biology. 2006;26:1687\u20138.","journal-title":"Thromb Vascular Biology"},{"key":"2411_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.4.481","volume":"21","author":"M Navab","year":"2001","unstructured":"Navab M, Berliner JA, Subbanagounder G, Hama S, Lusis AJ, Castellani LW, et al. HDL and the inflammatory response induced by LDL-derived oxidized phospholipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:481\u20138.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2411_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R300019-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"W Khovidhunkit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khovidhunkit W, Kim M-S, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, et al. Thematic review series: the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism mechanisms and consequences to the host1. J Lipid Res. 2004;45:1169\u201396.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2411_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03160","volume":"9","author":"D Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M, Meydani SN. Nutritional modulation of Immune function: analysis of evidence, mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Front Immunol. 2018;9:3160.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2411_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002093","volume":"114","author":"AM Minihane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Minihane AM, Vinoy S, Russell WR, Baka A, Roche HM, Tuohy KM, et al. Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation. Br J Nutr. 2015;114:999\u20131012.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2411_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","volume":"542","author":"GS Hotamisligil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017;542:177\u201385.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2411_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04800908","volume":"4","author":"M Naesens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naesens M, Kuypers DRJ, Sarwal M. Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:481\u2013508.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2411_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","volume":"17","author":"DW Cain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cain DW, Cidlowski JA. Immune regulation by glucocorticoids. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17:233\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2411_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.7.1547","volume":"28","author":"RB Goldberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldberg RB, Kendall DM, Deeg MA, Buse JB, Zagar AJ, Pinaire JA, et al. A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1547\u201354.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T09:04:06Z","timestamp":1736499846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02411-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The NHANES protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, and all participants provided informed consent. As a secondary analysis of publicly available de-identified data, the present study did not require additional ethical review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9"}}