{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:36:10Z","timestamp":1793478970061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2022732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016086","name":"Key Laboratory in Science and Technology Development Project of Suzhou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZS2024012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZS2024012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T14:58:42Z","timestamp":1739285922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development and validation of a novel metabolic health-related nomogram to improve predictive performance of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with prediabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Erya","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02248-5","volume":"23","author":"D Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang D, Liu C, Wang Y. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population of older adults aged >\/= 60 years: a population-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02248-5","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02278-z","volume":"23","author":"C Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui C, Qi Y, Song J, Shang X, Han T, Han N, et al. Comparison of triglyceride glucose index and modified triglyceride glucose indices in prediction of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged and older Chinese adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02278-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02336-6","volume":"23","author":"Q Ren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ren Q, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chu T, Li G, Wu Z. Association between triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio index and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals: a nationwide cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02336-6","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2445_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","volume":"41","author":"F Cosentino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.2337\/dca24-0012","volume":"47","author":"Y Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian Y, Qiu Z, Wang F, Deng S, Wang Y, Wang Z, et al. Associations of diabetes and prediabetes with mortality and life expectancy in China: a national study. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(11):1969\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dca24-0012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2445_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.12531","volume":"326","author":"KW Davidson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Davis EM, et al. Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;326(8):736\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.12531","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02290-3","volume":"23","author":"X Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia X, Chen S, Tian X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Association of triglyceride-glucose index and its related parameters with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: evidence from a 15-year follow-up of Kailuan cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02290-3","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02018-9","volume":"22","author":"S Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao S, Yu L, Li J, Huang L, Huang X, Zhang W, et al. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02018-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02030-z","volume":"22","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Xiao S, Jiao X, Shen Y. The triglyceride-glucose index is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: evidence from NHANES 2001\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02030-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02112-y","volume":"23","author":"Z Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin Z, He J, Yuan S, Song C, Bian X, Yang M, et al. Glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease according to triglyceride-glucose index: a large-scale cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02112-y","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01868-7","volume":"22","author":"K Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui K, Fu R, Yang J, Xu H, Yin D, Song W, et al. The impact of fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c on in-hospital mortality in patients with and without diabetes: findings from the China acute myocardial infarction registry. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01868-7","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02072-3","volume":"22","author":"CY Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu CY, Chen HH, Chi KH, Chen PC. Obesity indices and the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among people with diabetes: a long-term follow-up study in Taiwan. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02072-3","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01762-2","volume":"22","author":"B Che","year":"2023","unstructured":"Che B, Zhong C, Zhang R, Pu L, Zhao T, Zhang Y, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as potential cardiovascular disease risk factors: an analysis of UK biobank data. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01762-2","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02110-0","volume":"23","author":"J He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He J, Song C, Yuan S, Bian X, Lin Z, Yang M, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index as a suitable non-insulin-based insulin resistance marker to predict cardiovascular events in patients undergoing complex coronary artery intervention: a large-scale cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02110-0","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01839-y","volume":"22","author":"Q Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Q, Liu Z, Wei M, Huang Q, Feng J, Liu Z, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma and carotid atherosclerosis in a community population: a population-based cohort study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01839-y","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02114-w","volume":"23","author":"F Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li F, Wang Y, Shi B, Sun S, Wang S, Pang S, et al. Association between the cumulative average triglyceride glucose-body mass index and cardiovascular disease incidence among the middle-aged and older population: a prospective nationwide cohort study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02114-w","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01998-y","volume":"22","author":"G Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong G, Gan M, Xu S, Xie Y, Zhou M, Wu L. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with diabetes: evidence from the NHANES 2003\u20132016. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01998-y","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01769-9","volume":"22","author":"YG Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim YG, Jeong JH, Han KD, Roh SY, Min K, Lee HS, et al. Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sudden cardiac arrest in people with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01769-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2445_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029","volume":"314","author":"A Menke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988\u20132012. JAMA. 2015;314(10):1021\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.10029","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03001-2","volume":"76","author":"Y Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Yi Q, Xia Y, Geng B. Development and validation of a novel screening tool for osteoporosis in older US adults: the NHANES cross-sectional study. Endocrine. 2022;76(2):446\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03001-2","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01511-x","volume":"21","author":"LC Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao LC, Xu JN, Wang TT, Hua F, Li JJ. Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases: landscape and limitations. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-022-01511-x","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9","volume":"23","author":"K Dang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dang K, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Qi X, et al. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02172-8","volume":"23","author":"L Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding L, Zhang H, Dai C, Zhang A, Yu F, Mi L, et al. The prognostic value of the stress hyperglycemia ratio for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes: insights from NHANES 2005\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02172-8","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02191-5","volume":"23","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wei R, Wang X, Zhang W, Li M, Ni T, et al. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02191-5","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02277-9","volume":"23","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xie K, Han Y, Ju H, Sun J, Zhao X. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with systemic inflammation indicators and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general US population: NHANES 1999\u20132018. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02277-9","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03564-6","volume":"23","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Peng A, Li S, Li F, Wan J, Lu J. Association of triglyceride-glucose index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03564-6","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01883-8","volume":"22","author":"Y Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song Y, Cui K, Yang M, Song C, Yin D, Dong Q, et al. High triglyceride-glucose index and stress hyperglycemia ratio as predictors of adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion: a large-scale prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01883-8","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2445_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/s1521-690x(03)00042-3","volume":"17","author":"G Pacini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pacini G, Mari A. Methods for clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;17(3):305\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1521-690x(03)00042-3","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2445_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102024","volume":"90","author":"C Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma C, Yu R, Li J, Chao J, Liu P. Targeting proteostasis network in osteoporosis: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;90:102024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"25","key":"2445_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.021","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Fuster V. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks: a compass for global action. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2980\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1340-7","volume":"17","author":"JA Damen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damen JA, Pajouheshnia R, Heus P, Moons KGM, Reitsma JB, Scholten R, et al. Performance of the Framingham risk models and pooled cohort equations for predicting 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-019-1340-7","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"2445_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E442","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190848","volume":"192","author":"DT Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko DT, Sivaswamy A, Sud M, Kotrri G, Azizi P, Koh M, et al. Calibration and discrimination of the Framingham risk score and the pooled cohort equations. CMAJ. 2020;192(17):E442\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.190848","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2445_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00005","volume":"148","author":"NI Parikh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parikh NI, Pencina MJ, Wang TJ, Benjamin EJ, Lanier KJ, Levy D, et al. A risk score for predicting near-term incidence of hypertension: the Framingham heart study. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(2):102\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2021.10.007","volume":"2","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Shen P, Zhang D, Sun Y, Chen Y, Liang J, et al. Evaluation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk prediction models in China: results from the CHERRY study. JACC Asia. 2022;2(1):33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacasi.2021.10.007","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"issue":"25 Pt B","key":"2445_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","volume":"63","author":"DC Goff Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goff DC Jr., Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D\u2019Agostino RB, Sr., Gibbons R, et al. 2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25 Pt B):2935\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2445_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2416","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2416","volume":"353","author":"JA Damen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damen JA, Hooft L, Schuit E, Debray TP, Collins GS, Tzoulaki I, et al. Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review. BMJ. 2016;353:i2416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2416","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2445_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad198","volume":"30","author":"J Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang J, Li Q, Fu Z, Liu X, Shen P, Sun Y, et al. Validation and comparison of cardiovascular risk prediction equations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30(12):1293\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad198","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2445_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad230","volume":"30","author":"QH Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim QH, Lau ESH, Lim LL. The need for population-specific cardiovascular risk prediction models for guiding risk stratification and treatment approaches in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30(12):1291\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad230","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2445_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02905-y","volume":"30","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland CAC, Bafadhel M, Russell REK, Sheikh A, Brindle P, et al. Development and validation of a new algorithm for improved cardiovascular risk prediction. Nat Med. 2024;30(5):1440\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-02905-y","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"2445_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad260","volume":"44","author":"SCORE2-Diabetes","year":"2023","unstructured":"SCORE2-Diabetes. 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(28):2544\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad260","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2445_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13066","volume":"20","author":"EYF Wan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wan EYF, Fong DYT, Fung CSC, Yu EYT, Chin WY, Chan AKC, et al. Development of a cardiovascular diseases risk prediction model and tools for Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(2):309\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.13066","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2445_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.124.072009","author":"F Gragnano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gragnano F, van Klaveren D, Heg D, R\u00e4ber L, Krucoff MW, Raposeiras-Roubin S, et al. Derivation and validation of the PRECISE-HBR score to predict bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.124.072009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2445_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066609340519","volume":"24","author":"MW D\u00fcnser","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u00fcnser MW, Hasibeder WR. Sympathetic overstimulation during critical illness: adverse effects of adrenergic stress. J Intensive Care Med. 2009;24(5):293\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066609340519","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01820-9","volume":"22","author":"Z Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye Z, Xu Y, Tang L, Wu M, Wu B, Zhu T, et al. Predicting long-term prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with new onset ST-elevation myocardial infarction: development and external validation of a nomogram model. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01820-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01541-5","volume":"21","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Zuo Y, Qian F, Chen S, Tian X, Wang P, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index variability and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-022-01541-5","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2445_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2660","volume":"100","author":"GW Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts GW, Quinn SJ, Valentine N, Alhawassi T, O\u2019Dea H, Stranks SN, et al. Relative hyperglycemia, a marker of critical illness: introducing the stress hyperglycemia ratio. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(12):4490\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-2660","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2445_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0433","volume":"44","author":"P Paolisso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paolisso P, Bergamaschi L, Rambaldi P, Gatta G, Fo\u00e0 A, Angeli F, et al. Impact of admission hyperglycemia on heart failure events and mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome at long-term follow-up: data from HIGH-GLUCOTAKO investigators. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(9):2158\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc21-0433","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"2445_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4149\/bll_2021_078","volume":"122","author":"R Zahorec","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zahorec R. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2021;122(7):474\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4149\/bll_2021_078","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"2445_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117396","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3117396","volume":"2023","author":"T Adane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adane T, Melku M, Worku YB, Fasil A, Aynalem M, Kelem A, et al. The association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Res. 2023;2023:3117396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/3117396","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.12.159","volume":"11","author":"T Bhat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhat T, Teli S, Rijal J, Bhat H, Raza M, Khoueiry G, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: a review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013;11(1):55\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/erc.12.159","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2445_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2015.01.001","volume":"41","author":"M Verdoia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verdoia M, Schaffer A, Barbieri L, Aimaretti G, Marino P, Sinigaglia F, et al. Impact of diabetes on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its relationship to coronary artery disease. Diabetes Metab. 2015;41(4):304\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2015.01.001","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2445_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1159\/000527428","volume":"69","author":"CY Cheong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheong CY, Yap P, Yap KB, Ng TP. Associations of inflammatory, metabolic, malnutrition, and frailty indexes with multimorbidity incidence and progression, and mortality impact: Singapore longitudinal aging study. Gerontology. 2023;69(4):416\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000527428","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2445_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01924-2","volume":"22","author":"XL Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai XL, Xiang YF, Chen XF, Lin XQ, Lin BT, Zhou GY, et al. Prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index in population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01924-2","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T15:41:19Z","timestamp":1739461279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02445-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. The original protocol of the NHANES survey adhered to the STROBE statement and was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the National Center for Health Statistics. All participants signed informed consent forms. The data is publicly available, therefore, the ethical approval statement and the requirement for informed consent were waived for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}