{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:40:45Z","timestamp":1766050845432,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T13:18:22Z","timestamp":1742476702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Different profiles of fatty acids between leukocytes and whole blood in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Turolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Edefonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Syren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A. de","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Berrettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Agostoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Montini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2523_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.006","volume":"96","author":"M Colucci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colucci M, Carsetti R, Rosado MM, Cascioli S, Bruschi M, Candiano G, Corpetti G, Giardino L, Serafinelli J, Giannone C, Ghiggeri GM, Rastaldi MP, Sitia R, Emma F, Vivarelli M. Atypical IgM on T cells predict relapse and steroid dependence in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2019;96(4):971\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.006.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10141","key":"2523_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30536-1","volume":"392","author":"DG Noone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noone DG, Iijima K, Parekh R. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Lancet (London England). 2018;392(10141):61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30536-1.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"2523_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0088-7","volume":"84","author":"D Bhatia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhatia D, Sinha A, Hari P, et al. Rituximab modulates T- and B-lymphocyte subsets and urinary CD80 excretion in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Res. 2018;84:520\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2523_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.02.018","volume":"139","author":"L Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu L, Qin Y, Cai J, et al. Th17\/Treg imbalance in adult patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Clin Immunol. 2011;139:314\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2523_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2017.01.003","volume":"49","author":"C Cortvrindt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cortvrindt C, Speeckaert R, Moerman A, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. The role of interleukin-17A in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Pathology. 2017;49(3):247\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pathol.2017.01.003.","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2523_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823204","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.823204","volume":"13","author":"M Colucci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colucci M, Oniszczuk J, Vivarelli M, Audard V. B-Cell dysregulation in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: what we know and what we need to discover. Front Immunol. 2022;13:823204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.823204. Published 2022 Jan 24.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2523_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03147-y","volume":"379","author":"JJ Candelier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Candelier JJ, Lorenzo HK. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and serum permeability factors: a molecular Jigsaw puzzle. Cell Tissue Res. 2020;379(2):231\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03147-y.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2523_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galli C, Calder PC. Effects of fat and fatty acid intake on inflammatory and immune responses: a critical review. Ann Nutr Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000228999","DOI":"10.1159\/000228999"},{"key":"2523_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1087","volume":"133","author":"SG Wendell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wendell SG, Baffi C, Holguin F. Fatty acids, inflammation, and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:1255\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1087.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2523_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.062","volume":"785","author":"LEM Willemsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willemsen LEM. Dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in allergy prevention and asthma treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;785:174\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.062.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2523_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thies F, Miles EA, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain omega-3 or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults. Lipids. 2001;36(11):1183-93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-001-0831-4. PMID: 11795850.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0831-4"},{"key":"2523_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633470","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.633470","volume":"8","author":"S Turolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turolo S, Edefonti AC, Morello W, Syren ML, De Cosmi V, Ghio L, Tamburello C, Demarco EA, Berrettini A, Manzoni G, Agostoni C, Montini G. Persistent abnormalities of fatty acids profile in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in stable remission. Front Pediatr. 2021;8:633470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.633470. PMID: 33585371; PMCID: PMC7875014.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2523_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114110","volume":"13","author":"S Turolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turolo S, Edefonti A, Morello B, Bolzan G, Syren ML, Tamburello C, Agostoni C, Montini G. Adherence to the mediterranean diet improves fatty acids profile in pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13114110. PMID: 34836363; PMCID: PMC8625245.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"15","key":"2523_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153683","volume":"20","author":"T Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang T, Fu X, Chen Q, Patra JK, Wang D, Wang Z, Gai Z. Arachidonic acid metabolism and kidney inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):3683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20153683. PMID: 31357612; PMCID: PMC6695795.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2523_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.08.005","volume":"28","author":"S Turolo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turolo S, Edefonti A, Syren ML, Marangoni F, Morello W, Agostoni C, Montini G. Fatty acids in nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr. 2018;28(3):145\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.08.005. Epub 2017 Nov 16. PMID: 29153556.","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2523_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2105232","volume":"44","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, et al. Serum free fatty acid elevation is related to acute kidney injury in primary nephrotic syndrome. Ren Fail Vol. 2022;44(1):1236\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2105232.","journal-title":"Ren Fail Vol"},{"key":"2523_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S237527","volume":"13","author":"SN Uwaezuoke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uwaezuoke SN, et al. The supportive treatment of IgA nephropathy and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: how useful are Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty Acids?International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease. 26 Feb. 2020;13:27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJNRD.S237527.","journal-title":"26 Feb"},{"key":"2523_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.15","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidney Disease. Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) glomerulonephritis work group KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2:156\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/kisup.2012.15.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2523_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05739-3","volume":"38","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Boyer O, Hodson E, Bagga A, Gipson DS, Samuel S, Wetzels J, Alhasan K, Banerjee S, Bhimma R, Bonilla-Felix M, Cano F, Christian M, Hahn D, Kang HG, Nakanishi K, Safouh H, Trachtman H, Xu H, Cook W, Vivarelli M, Haffner D, International Pediatric Nephrology Association. IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023;38(3):877\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05739-3. Epub 2022 Oct 21. PMID: 36269406; PMCID: PMC9589698.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2523_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601812","volume":"57","author":"L Serra-Majem","year":"2003","unstructured":"Serra-Majem L, Ribas L, Garc\u00eda A, P\u00e9rez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta J. Nutrient adequacy and mediterranean diet in Spanish school children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(Suppl 1):S35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601812.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2523_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ris\u00e9 P, Eligini S, Ghezzi S, Colli S, Galli C. Fatty acid composition of plasma, blood cells and whole blood: relevance for the assessment of the fatty acid status in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007;76(6):363-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.05.003. Epub 2007 Jun 25. PMID: 17588731.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.05.003"},{"issue":"9","key":"2523_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.03.004","volume":"23","author":"AM Lottenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lottenberg AM, Afonso Mda S, Lavrador MS, Machado RM, Nakandakare ER. The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(9):1027\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.03.004. Epub 2012 Jun 27. PMID: 22749135.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2523_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010030","volume":"15","author":"M Perna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perna M, Hewlings S. Saturated fatty acid chain length and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2022;15(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15010030. PMID: 36615688; PMCID: PMC9823926.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2523_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annevelink CE, Sapp PA, Petersen KS, Shearer GC, Kris-Etherton PM. Diet-derived and diet-related endogenously produced palmitic acid: effects on metabolic regulation and cardiovascular disease risk. J Clin Lipidol 2023 Sep-Oct;17(5):577\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2023.07.005. Epub 2023 Jul 28. PMID: 37666689; PMCID: PMC10822025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2023.07.005"},{"key":"2523_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carrillo C, Cavia Mdel M, Alonso-Torre S. Role of oleic acid in immune system; mechanism of action; a review. Nutr Hosp. 2012 Jul-Aug;27(4):978\u2013\u200990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3305\/nh.2012.27.4.5783. PMID: 23165533.","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2012.27.4.5783"},{"issue":"1","key":"2523_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01672-1","volume":"25","author":"L Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin L, Hu M, Li Q, Du L, Lin L, Xue Y, Zheng F, Wang F, Liu K, Wang Y, Ye J, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang J, Zhai J, Liu B, Xie H, You Y, Wang J, Kong X, Feng D, Green DR, Shi Y, Wang Y. Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral Treg cell differentiation. Nat Immunol. 2024;25(1):54\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-023-01672-1. Epub 2023 Dec 7. PMID: 38062135; PMCID: PMC10918613.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2523_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serra-Majem L, Ribas L, Ngo J, Ortega RM, Garc\u00eda A, P\u00e9rez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta J. Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(7):931-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2004556. PMID: 15482620.","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2004556"},{"issue":"6","key":"2523_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac085","volume":"13","author":"C Whitton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whitton C, Ramos-Garc\u00eda C, Kirkpatrick SI, Healy JD, Dhaliwal SS, Boushey CJ, Collins CE, Rollo ME, Kerr DA. A systematic review examining contributors to misestimation of food and beverage intake based on Short-Term Self-Report dietary assessment instruments administered to adults. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(6):2620\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmac085. PMID: 36041186; PMCID: PMC9776649.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2523_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081554","volume":"12","author":"M Monserrat-Mesquida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabr\u00e9s MM, Bouzas C, Pastor O, Ugarriza L, Llompart I, Cevallos-Ibarra K, Sureda A, Tur JA. Plasma fatty acid composition, oxidative and inflammatory status, and adherence to the mediterranean diet of patients with Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease. Antioxid (Basel). 2023;12(8):1554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12081554. PMID: 37627549; PMCID: PMC10451635.","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T13:18:42Z","timestamp":1742476722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02523-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee with document number 0035199-U and was performed following the declaration of Helsinki. All subjects consent to participate at the study and consent to the results publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients, or their tutors, signed informed consent to participate in this study as specified in the ICMJE recommendations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}