{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:17:52Z","timestamp":1793834272520,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20364, 92049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20364, 92049302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20364, 92049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20364, 92049302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20364, 92049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20364, 92049302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20364, 92049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20364, 92049302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T09:36:19Z","timestamp":1750325779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Triglyceride-glucose index and its related factors may be predictors for cardiovascular disease among Chinese postmenopausal women: a 12-year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Weiyan","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongdi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434149","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1434149","volume":"11","author":"X Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao X, Wu L, Wang K, Wang Y, Zhang L. Risk factors for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1434149.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2643_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0202","volume":"45","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Li M, Zeng T, Hu R, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Wang S, Lin H, et al. Association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk varies according to glucose tolerance status: A nationwide prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2022;45:1863\u201372.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2643_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373039","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1373039","volume":"11","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu L, Luo Y, Liu M, Tang C, Liu H, Feng G, Wang M, Wu J, Zhang W. Triglyceride glucose-related indexes and lipid accumulation products-reliable markers of insulin resistance in the Chinese population. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1373039.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2643_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471535","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1471535","volume":"15","author":"D Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng D, Cai J, Xu S, Jiang S, Li C, Wang B. The association of triglyceride-glucose index and combined obesity indicators with chest pain and risk of cardiovascular disease in American population with pre-diabetes or diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1471535.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2643_CR5","unstructured":"Keke D, Xuanyang W, Jinxia H, Yuntao Z, Licheng C, Xiang Q, Lin L, Zhu M, Xinmiao T, Ying L. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024."},{"key":"2643_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw331","volume":"37","author":"CS Lam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lam CS, Teng TK, Tay WT, Anand I, Zhang S, Shimizu W, Narasimhan C, Park SW, Yu CM, Ngarmukos T, et al. Regional and ethnic differences among patients with heart failure in asia: the Asian sudden cardiac death in heart failure registry. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:3141\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2643_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000120","volume":"23","author":"Z Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Z, Ma J, Si D. Optimal cut-off values and population means of waist circumference in different populations. Nutr Res Rev. 2010;23:191\u20139.","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"2643_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko SH, Jung Y. Energy metabolism changes and dysregulated lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Nutrients 2021, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124556"},{"key":"2643_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo WS, Ding Y, Guo ZR. Body adiposity index and other indexes of body composition in predicting cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population: A cohort study. Perfusion 2024:2676591241300973.","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241300973"},{"key":"2643_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01753-3","volume":"22","author":"Q Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Q, Si F, Liu Z, Wu Y, Yu J. Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:21.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2643_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084685","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu L, Xu J, Wang A, Gao X, Wu S, Wei WB, Zhao X, Jonas JB. Asymptomatic polyvascular abnormalities in community (APAC) study in china: objectives, design and baseline characteristics. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e84685.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2643_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9","volume":"23","author":"K Dang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dang K, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Qi X, Liu L, Ming Z, Tao X, Li Y. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003\u20132018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:8.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2643_CR13","unstructured":"I PA. L, J S, D G: Menopause-associated risk of cardiovascular disease. Endocr Connections 2022."},{"key":"2643_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000353","volume":"29","author":"JE Taylor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taylor JE, Baig MS, Helmy T, Gersh FL. Controversies regarding postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Cardiol Rev. 2020;29:296\u2013304.","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"2643_CR15","unstructured":"Haozhe C, Qian L, Yuntao W. L C: Cumulative triglyceride-glucose index is a risk for CVD: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021."},{"key":"2643_CR16","unstructured":"Anxin W, Xue T, Shuohua YZ, Xia C, Shouling M, Yongjun W. W: Change in triglyceride-glucose index predicts the risk of cardiovascul ar disease in the general population: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021."},{"key":"2643_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng S, Shi S, Ren X, Han T, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Hou PC, Hu Y. Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference, a novel and effective predic tor of diabetes in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients: cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. J Translational Med 2016, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1020-8"},{"key":"2643_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.05.142","volume":"27","author":"I Lambrinoudaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lambrinoudaki I, Kazani MV, Armeni E, Georgiopoulos G, Tampakis K, Rizos D, Augoulea A, Kaparos G, Alexandrou A, Stamatelopoulos K. The TyG index as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in lean and overweight postmenopausal women. Heart Lung Circulation. 2018;27:716\u201324.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circulation"},{"key":"2643_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01546-0","volume":"21","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Tan Z, Huang Y, Zhao H, Liu M, Yu P, Ma J, Zhao Y, Zhu W, Wang J. Relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21:124.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2643_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Q, Si F, Liu Z, Wu Y, Yu J. Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascu Lar disease among postmenopausal women. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01753-3"},{"key":"2643_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01728-4","volume":"29","author":"H Rafiee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rafiee H, Mohammadifard N, Nouri F, Alavi Tabatabaei G, Najafian J, Sadeghi M, Boshtam M, Roohafza H, Haghighatdoost F, Hassannejad R, Sarrafzadegan N. Association of triglyceride glucose index with cardiovascular events: insights from the Isfahan cohort study (ICS). Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:135.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2643_CR22","unstructured":"Xin Z, Ting Z, Shanshan SH, Zhipeng J, Runyu Z, Xiangyu Y, Xiaoping Y. C: Association of metabolic syndrome with TyG index and TyG-related param Eters in an urban Chinese population: a 15-year prospective study. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome; 2022."},{"key":"2643_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao H, Yang S, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, The Association Of Triglyceride-Glucose Index And Related Parameters W Ith Hypertension And Cardiovascular Risk. J Hypertens. 2023;41:e21\u20132.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000939080.71022.b1"},{"key":"2643_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17275-2","volume":"23","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Lian Y, Ping W, Wang K, Jiang L, Li S. Abdominal obesity and digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:2343.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2643_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes22033","volume":"31","author":"J Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee J, Kang SC, Kwon O, Hwang SS, Moon JS, Kim J. Reference values for waist circumference and waist-Height ratio in Korean children and adolescents. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2022;31:263\u201371.","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2643_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524352","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1524352","volume":"16","author":"X He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He X, Zhu J, Liang W, Yang X, Ning W, Zhao Z, Chen J, He Q. Association of body roundness index with cardiovascular disease in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2009\u20132018. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1524352.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2643_CR27","first-page":"291","volume":"14","author":"M Ahuja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahuja M, Sharma JB, Perumal V, Sharma P, Bansal R, Sarkar A, Agrawal M. A survey on relation of menopause to metabolic Syndrome - SAFOMS STUDY (South Asian federation of menopause Societies) - Interim analysis. J Midlife Health. 2023;14:291\u20138.","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"2643_CR28","first-page":"692","volume":"26","author":"PJ Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu PJ, Ma F, Lou HP, Zhu YN. Normal-weight central obesity is associated with metabolic disorders in Chinese postmenopausal women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26:692\u20137.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2643_CR29","unstructured":"Hye-Min P, Taehwa H, Seok-Jae H, Yu-Jin K. Effectiveness of the triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride-gluco se-related indices in predicting cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Lipidol 2023."},{"key":"2643_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06335-3","volume":"23","author":"E Gangitano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gangitano E, Barbaro G, Gnessi L, Iacobellis G, Lubrano C. Epicardial fat thickness is increased in menopausal patients in comparison with premenopausal patients with similar excess weight: a cross-sectional study. J Transl Med. 2025;23:401.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2643_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02278-z","volume":"23","author":"C Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui C, Qi Y, Song J, Shang X, Han T, Han N, Yue S, Zha Y, Xu Z, Li J, Liu L. Comparison of triglyceride glucose index and modified triglyceride glucose indices in prediction of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged and older Chinese adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:185.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2643_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamini S, Bondesan A, Caroli D, Marazzi N, Sartorio A. The ability of the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index and modified TyG indexes to predict the presence of metabolic-Associated fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in a pediatric population with obesity. J Clin Med 2025, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072341"},{"key":"2643_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.14744\/hf.2023.2023.0049","volume":"5","author":"H Karaaslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karaaslan H, Inan H, Turkmen AT, Altintas I, Uyar N, Eren MA. Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and anthropometric obesity indices in predicting severe grades of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among non-diabetic obese individuals. Hepatol Forum. 2024;5:113\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatol Forum"},{"key":"2643_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103526","volume":"392","author":"T Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li T, Thoen ZE, Applebaum JM, Khalil RA. Menopause-related changes in vascular signaling by sex hormones. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2025;392:103526.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T09:36:23Z","timestamp":1750325783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02643-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted following the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and received approval from the Ethics Committees of Kailuan General Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital, and Beijing Tiantan Hospital. This approval is to be renewed every five years. Written informed consent was secured from all participants involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"218"}}