{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:11:10Z","timestamp":1789791070265,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR202211100007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR202211100007"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2022QH089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QH089"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:13:51Z","timestamp":1768436031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of apolipoprotein B and excess apolipoprotein B with cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10467","key":"2852_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02317-1","volume":"404","author":"Worldwide trends in diabetes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Worldwide trends in diabetes. Prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants. Lancet. 2024;404(10467):2077\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2852_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph JJ, Deedwania P, Acharya T, Aguilar D, Bhatt DL, Chyun DA et al. Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2022;145(9):e722-e759.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040"},{"issue":"39","key":"2852_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","volume":"44","author":"N Marx","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marx N, Federici M, Sch\u00fctt K, M\u00fcller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):4043\u2013140.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"2852_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608664","volume":"376","author":"A Rawshani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franz\u00e9n S, Eliasson B, Svensson AM, Miftaraj M, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(15):1407\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"2852_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.050","volume":"84","author":"C Gyldenkerne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gyldenkerne C, Kahlert J, Thrane PG, Olesen KKW, Mortensen MB, S\u00f8rensen HT, et al. 2-Fold more cardiovascular disease events decades before type 2 diabetes diagnosis: A nationwide registry study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(23):2251\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2852_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","volume":"41","author":"J Bor\u00e9n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bor\u00e9n J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM, Packard CJ, Bentzon JF, Binder CJ, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European atherosclerosis society consensus panel. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(24):2313\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"2852_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676890","volume":"116","author":"I Tabas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabas I, Williams KJ, Bor\u00e9n J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation. 2007;116(16):1832\u201344.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6890","key":"2852_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00804","volume":"417","author":"K Sk\u00e5l\u00e9n","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sk\u00e5l\u00e9n K, Gustafsson M, Rydberg EK, Hult\u00e9n LM, Wiklund O, Innerarity TL, et al. Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;417(6890):750\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"2852_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-024-01555-1","volume":"24","author":"D El\u00edas-L\u00f3pez","year":"2024","unstructured":"El\u00edas-L\u00f3pez D, Wadstr\u00f6m BN, Vedel-Krogh S, Kobylecki CJ, Nordestgaard BG. Impact of remnant cholesterol on cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2024;24(12):290\u2013300.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2852_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morze J, Melloni GEM, Wittenbecher C, Ala-Korpela M, Rynkiewicz A, Guasch-Ferr\u00e9 M et al. ApoB-containing lipoproteins: count, type, size, and risk of coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(27):2691-2701.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf207"},{"issue":"3","key":"2852_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.5083","volume":"7","author":"NA Marston","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marston NA, Giugliano RP, Melloni GEM, Park J-G, Morrill V, Blazing MA, et al. Association of Apolipoprotein B\u2013Containing lipoproteins and risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with and without atherosclerosis: distinguishing between particle Concentration, Type, and content. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(3):250.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2852_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.027","volume":"77","author":"CDL Johannesen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johannesen CDL, Mortensen MB, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Apolipoprotein B and Non-HDL cholesterol better reflect residual risk than LDL cholesterol in Statin-Treated patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(11):1439\u201350.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"27","key":"2852_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae258","volume":"45","author":"AD Sniderman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sniderman AD, Dufresne L, Pencina KM, Bilgic S, Thanassoulis G, Pencina MJ. Discordance among apoB, non\u2013high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides: implications for cardiovascular prevention. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(27):2410\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2852_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.08.013","volume":"18","author":"DE Soffer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soffer DE, Marston NA, Maki KC, Jacobson TA, Bittner VA, Pe\u00f1a JM, et al. Role of Apolipoprotein B in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk in adults: an expert clinical consensus from the National lipid association. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(5):e647\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2852_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1806-9","volume":"53","author":"MR Taskinen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taskinen MR, Barter PJ, Ehnholm C, Sullivan DR, Mann K, Simes J, et al. Ability of traditional lipid ratios and Apolipoprotein ratios to predict cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2010;53(9):1846\u201355.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2852_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1176-8","volume":"52","author":"V Charlton-Menys","year":"2009","unstructured":"Charlton-Menys V, Betteridge DJ, Colhoun H, Fuller J, France M, Hitman GA, et al. Apolipoproteins, cardiovascular risk and Statin response in type 2 diabetes: the collaborative Atorvastatin diabetes study (CARDS). Diabetologia. 2009;52(2):218\u201325.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2852_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0195-6","volume":"49","author":"G Bruno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruno G, Merletti F, Biggeri A, Bargero G, Prina-Cerai S, Pagano G, et al. Effect of age on the association of non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B with cardiovascular mortality in a mediterranean population with type 2 diabetes: the Casale monferrato study. Diabetologia. 2006;49(5):937\u201344.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2852_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.8.1991","volume":"27","author":"R Jiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jiang R, Schulze MB, Li T, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, et al. Non-HDL cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B predict cardiovascular disease events among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):1991\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"2852_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15935","volume":"26","author":"M Pikkemaat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pikkemaat M, Woodward M, Af Geijerstam P, Harrap S, Hamet P, Mancia G, et al. Lipids and apolipoproteins and the risk of vascular disease and mortality outcomes in women and men with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE study. Diabetes Obes Metabolism. 2024;26(12):5669\u201380.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2852_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac183","volume":"69","author":"P Welsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Welsh P, Sattar N. To ApoB or not to apob: new Arguments, but basis for widespread implementation remains elusive. Clin Chem. 2023;69(1):3\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"23","key":"2852_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.03.423","volume":"83","author":"CDL Johannesen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johannesen CDL, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG, Mortensen MB. Excess Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular risk in women and men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(23):2262\u201373.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"2852_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad260","volume":"44","author":"L Pennells","year":"2023","unstructured":"Group SC-DW, the ESCCRC, Pennells L, Kaptoge S, \u00d8stergaard HB, Read SH, et al. SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(28):2544-56.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2852_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003062","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003062","volume":"17","author":"TG Richardson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richardson TG, Sanderson E, Palmer TM, Ala-Korpela M, Ference BA, Davey Smith G, et al. Evaluating the relationship between Circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of coronary heart disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17(3):e1003062.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2852_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11467","volume":"318","author":"BA Ference","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ference BA, Kastelein JJP, Ginsberg HN, Chapman MJ, Nicholls SJ, Ray KK, et al. Association of genetic variants related to CETP inhibitors and Statins with lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular risk. JAMA. 2017;318(10):947\u201356.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2852_CR25","first-page":"888","volume":"19","author":"S Funabashi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Funabashi S, Kataoka Y, Nicholls SJ, Kitahara S, Makino H, Matsubara M, et al. Circulating Apolipoprotein B levels in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: implications for coronary atheroma progression and instability. J Clin Lipidol. 2025;19(4):888\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2852_CR26","first-page":"844","volume":"19","author":"D Sehayek","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sehayek D, Cole J, Bj\u00f6rnson E, Wilkins JT, Mortensen MB, Dufresne L, et al. ApoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C as markers of cardiovascular risk. J Clin Lipidol. 2025;19(4):844\u201359.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2852_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041149","volume":"140","author":"C Welsh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Welsh C, Celis-Morales CA, Brown R, Mackay DF, Lewsey J, Mark PB, et al. Comparison of conventional lipoprotein tests and apolipoproteins in the prediction of cardiovascular disease: data from UK Biobank. Circulation. 2019;140(7):542\u201352.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"2852_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031855","volume":"139","author":"MJ Pencina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pencina MJ, Navar AM, Wojdyla D, Sanchez RJ, Khan I, Elassal J, et al. Quantifying importance of major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2019;139(13):1603\u201311.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2852_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01111-0","volume":"22","author":"J Bor\u00e9n","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bor\u00e9n J, Packard CJ, Binder CJ. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Nat Reviews Cardiol. 2025;22(6):399\u2013413.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2852_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3780","volume":"4","author":"AD Sniderman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sniderman AD, Thanassoulis G, Glavinovic T, Navar AM, Pencina M, Catapano A, et al. Apolipoprotein B particles and cardiovascular disease: A narrative review. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(12):1287\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2852_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030636","volume":"88","author":"FM Sacks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sacks FM, Campos H. Clinical review 163: cardiovascular endocrinology: Low-density lipoprotein size and cardiovascular disease: a reappraisal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(10):4525\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2852_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P119000543","volume":"61","author":"MJ Chapman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chapman MJ, Orsoni A, Tan R, Mellett NA, Nguyen A, Robillard P, et al. LDL subclass lipidomics in atherogenic dyslipidemia: effect of Statin therapy on bioactive lipids and dense LDL. J Lipid Res. 2020;61(6):911\u201332.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:12:17Z","timestamp":1770984737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02852-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Northwest Multi-Center Research Ethics Committee (approval numbers: 11\/NW\/0382, 16\/NW\/0274, and 21\/NW\/0157) provided ethical approval for the UK Biobank project. All participants gave informed consent before being recruited.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"55"}}