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The levels of PI species in the serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their association with disease activity have not yet been determined. This exploratory study investigates whether the levels of PI species in the serum are associated with the severity of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum concentrations of 14 PI species were assessed using direct flow injection analysis with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The study involved 16 healthy controls and 57 patients (including 26 females and 31 males) diagnosed with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Similar levels of all PIs measured were exhibited by patients with IBD and controls. Nine PI species were found to be higher in female patients, prompting a sex-specific analysis. Almost all PI species exhibited a negative correlation with fecal calprotectin in both sexes. Negative correlations of PI species with CRP were mostly found in males. PI 34:1, 36:1, 36:2, and 40:5 were significantly reduced in male and female patients with active disease compared to those with quiescent disease. In the entire patient cohort, all PI species significantly declined in active disease compared to patients with inactive disease and compared to healthy controls. Serum PI species levels were not associated with disease localisation in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease, but were increased in ulcerative colitis patients with proctosigmoiditis in comparison to patients with pancolitis. The levels of PI 38:4, 38:5, 40:4, and 40:5 were higher in the serum of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease than in those with ulcerative colitis, despite having similar disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that serum PI species decline in active IBD in both sexes. Specific PI species may evolve new biomarkers to discriminate patients with Crohn\u00b4s disease from patients with ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-026-02889-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T01:25:40Z","timestamp":1770168340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum phosphatidylinositol depletion associates with fecal calprotectin and disease severity in female and male IBD patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hauke Christian","family":"Tews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Huss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Liebisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"H\u00f6ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Loibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Kandulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Buechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.05.015","volume":"1865","author":"NJ Blunsom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blunsom NJ, Cockcroft S. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the updated guidelines for good clinical practice and the updated Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AK declares following disclosures: scientific presentations and scientific advisory: Roche Pharma AG, Eisai GmbH, AbbVie Germany AG, Janssen-CilagGmbH, MSD Sharp&DohmeGmbH, Boston Scientific Corp., Fujifilm Germany, Micro-Tech Germany, Bayer Pharma AG Germany, AstraZeneca GmbH, M. M. declares the following disclosures: Travel grants from United European Gastroenterology (UEG), travel grants, scientific advisory, scientific presentations: AbbVie Germany, Gilead Sciences, Ipsen All other authors have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}