{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:39:41Z","timestamp":1792787981985,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO.U22A20286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.U22A20286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["NO.2022YFS0617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2022YFS0617"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:19:39Z","timestamp":1771060779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of a body shape index and remnant cholesterol inflammatory index on incident cardiovascular diseases: insights from a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Linghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9534-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.308903","volume":"121","author":"P Joseph","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joseph P, Leong D, McKee M, et al. Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular Disease, part 1: the epidemiology and risk factors. Circ Res. 2017;121(6):677\u201394.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10440","key":"2893_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","author":"GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2024","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):2133\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7454","key":"2893_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/498299c","volume":"498","author":"AV Norstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Norstr\u00f6m AV, Policy. Social change vital to sustainability goals. Nature. 2013;498(7454):299.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"25","key":"2893_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982\u20133021.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2893_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.10.011","volume":"92","author":"C Koliaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koliaki C, Liatis S, Kokkinos A. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: revisiting an old relationship. Metabolism. 2019;92:98\u2013107.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"2893_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306883","volume":"118","author":"FB Ortega","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ortega FB, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2016;118(11):1752\u201370.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.10.003","volume":"56","author":"E Oliveros","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oliveros E, Somers VK, Sochor O, Goel K, Lopez-Jimenez F. The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):426\u201333.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.100","volume":"36","author":"J G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi","year":"2012","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi J, Silva C, Galofr\u00e9 JC, et al. Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(2):286\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2893_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039504","volume":"7","author":"NY Krakauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krakauer NY, Krakauer JC. A new body shape index predicts mortality hazard independently of body mass index. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e39504.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2893_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.ED201","volume":"29","author":"K Otsui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otsui K. Association of a body shape index as a novel anthropometric indicator with subclinical atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2022;29(8):1136\u20137.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"1","key":"2893_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01706-2","volume":"21","author":"E Orsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orsi E, Solini A, Penno G, et al. Body mass index versus surrogate measures of central adiposity as independent predictors of mortality in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):266.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"47","key":"2893_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab551","volume":"42","author":"HN Ginsberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European atherosclerosis society. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(47):4791\u2013806.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2893_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.12.015","volume":"76","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu Q, Liu H, et al. Predictive value of remnant cholesterol inflammatory index for stroke risk: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. J Adv Res. 2025;76:543\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2024.12.015.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2893_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, Strauss J, Yang G. Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2893_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.11.018","volume":"33","author":"X Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun X, Cao L, Liu Y, et al. Sex- and age-specific differences in associations of a body shape index with all-cause and cardiovascular death risks among US adults with diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;33(3):551\u20139.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.09.008","volume":"34","author":"K Ikeue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ikeue K, Kusakabe T, Yamakage H, Ishii K, Satoh-Asahara N. A body shape index is useful for BMI-independently identifying Japanese patients with obesity at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024;34(2):387\u201394.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2893_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341476","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341476","volume":"11","author":"L Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang L, Zeng L. Comparative efficacy of anthropometric indices in predicting 10-year ASCVD risk: insights from NHANES data. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1341476.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2893_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae282","volume":"109","author":"M Kajikawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kajikawa M, Maruhashi T, Kishimoto S, et al. A body shape index as a simple anthropometric marker of abdominal obesity and risk of cardiovascular events. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109(12):3272\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2893_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71914-1","volume":"14","author":"X Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng X, Zhu J, Hua Z, Yao S, Tong H. Comparison of obesity indicators for predicting cardiovascular risk factors and Multimorbidity among the Chinese population based on ROC analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):20942.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2893_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-025-02192-0","volume":"27","author":"FM Yusoff","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yusoff FM, Kajikawa M, Yamaji T, et al. A body shape index as a simple anthropometric marker for the risk of cardiovascular events. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2025;27(1):46.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"2893_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973","volume":"143","author":"TM Powell-Wiley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2021;143(21):e984\u20131010.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2893_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016","volume":"113","author":"P Poirier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American heart association scientific statement on obesity and heart disease from the obesity committee of the Council on Nutrition, physical Activity, and metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113(6):898\u2013918.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"2893_CR23","first-page":"2083","volume":"289","author":"LJ Appel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA. 2003;289(16):2083\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212914","volume":"369","author":"AHEADR Look","year":"2013","unstructured":"Look AHEADR, Group, Wing RR, et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(2):145\u201354.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9943","key":"2893_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61177-6","volume":"384","author":"BG Nordestgaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nordestgaard BG, Varbo A. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2014;384(9943):626\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2893_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000330","volume":"27","author":"J Bor\u00e9n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bor\u00e9n J, Williams KJ. The central role of arterial retention of cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a triumph of simplicity. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016;27(5):473\u201383.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2893_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2023.16","volume":"18","author":"M Gabani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gabani M, Shapiro MD, Toth PP. The role of Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur Cardiol. 2023;18:e56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/ecr.2023.16.","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2893_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.042","volume":"64","author":"RS Rosenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenson RS, Davidson MH, Hirsh BJ, Kathiresan S, Gaudet D. Genetics and causality of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23):2525\u201340.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700505-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"L Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang L, Gill R, Pedersen TL, Higgins LJ, Newman JW, Rutledge JC. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis releases neutral and oxidized FFAs that induce endothelial cell inflammation. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(2):204\u201313.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2893_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000093221","volume":"35","author":"R Olufadi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olufadi R, Byrne CD. Effects of VLDL and remnant particles on platelets. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2006;35(3\u20134):281\u201391.","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"},{"issue":"7347","key":"2893_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146","volume":"473","author":"P Libby","year":"2011","unstructured":"Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2011;473(7347):317\u201325.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"2893_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003008","volume":"128","author":"A Varbo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varbo A, Benn M, Tybj\u00e6rg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease, whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation. Circulation. 2013;128(12):1298\u2013309.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"2893_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.022","volume":"63","author":"CJ Lavie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lavie CJ, McAuley PA, Church TS, Milani RV, Blair SN. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: implications regarding fitness, fatness, and severity in the obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(14):1345\u201354.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.01.006","volume":"1","author":"CJ Lavie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavie CJ, Alpert MA, Arena R, Mehra MR, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1(2):93\u2013102.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.003","volume":"56","author":"MA Alpert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alpert MA, Omran J, Mehra A, Ardhanari S. Impact of obesity and weight loss on cardiac performance and morphology in adults. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2893_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014116","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.014116","volume":"15","author":"QY Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao QY, Gao JW, Yuan ZM, et al. Remnant cholesterol and the risk of coronary artery calcium progression: insights from the CARDIA and MESA study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;15(7):e014116.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2893_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131946","volume":"405","author":"CC Xiong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiong CC, Gao F, Zhang JH, et al. Investigating the impact of remnant cholesterol on new-onset stroke across diverse inflammation levels: insights from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). Int J Cardiol. 2024;405:131946.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"47","key":"2893_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab293","volume":"42","author":"A Varbo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Directly measured vs. calculated remnant cholesterol identifies additional overlooked individuals in the general population at higher risk of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(47):4833\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"42","key":"2893_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab432","volume":"42","author":"R Quispe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quispe R, Martin SS, Michos ED, et al. Remnant cholesterol predicts cardiovascular disease beyond LDL and apob: a primary prevention study. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(42):4324\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0119-4","volume":"16","author":"D Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao D, Liu J, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhou M. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in china: current features and implications. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(4):203\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00607-3","volume":"19","author":"N Townsend","year":"2022","unstructured":"Townsend N, Kazakiewicz D, Lucy Wright F, et al. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(2):133\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2893_CR42","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A report of the American college of Cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596\u2013646.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"23","key":"2893_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313005","volume":"104","author":"CW Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong CW, Kwok CS, Narain A, et al. Marital status and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2018;104(23):1937\u201348.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.05.012","volume":"30","author":"DS Dhindsa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhindsa DS, Khambhati J, Schultz WM, Tahhan AS, Quyyumi AA. Marital status and outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(4):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["Lipids in Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:03:36Z","timestamp":1774285416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-026-02893-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-511X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-511X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies involving human participants received approval from the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and participants prior to their involvement in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and participants prior to their involvement in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"87"}}