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Surgical animal models, such as the mouse coronary artery ligation (CAL) model of myocardial infarction, result in morphologic changes that do not fit these geometric assumptions. New ECHO technology, including 4-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US), improves on these traditional models. This paper aims to compare commercially available 4D-US to M-mode and 2D-US in a mouse model of CAL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      37 mice underwent CAL surgery, of which 32 survived to a 4\u2009week post-operative time point. ECHO was completed at baseline, 1\u2009week, and 4\u2009weeks after CAL. M-mode, 2D-US, and 4D-US were taken at each time point and evaluated by two separate echocardiographers. At 4\u2009weeks, a subset (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200912) of mice underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to serve as a reference standard. End systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were compared among imaging modalities. Hearts were also collected for histologic evaluation of scar size (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200916) and compared to ECHO-derived wall motion severity index (WMSI) and global longitudinal strain as well as gadolinium-enhanced CMR to compare scar assessment modalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4D-US provides close agreement of ESV (Bias: -2.55%, LOA: \u2212\u200961.55 to 66.66) and EF (US Bias: 11.23%, LOA \u2212\u200943.10 to 102.8) 4\u2009weeks after CAL when compared to CMR, outperforming 2D-US and M-mode estimations. 4D-US has lower inter-user variability as measured by intraclass correlation (ICC) in the evaluation of EDV (0.91) and ESV (0.93) when compared to other modalities. 4D-US also allows for rapid assessment of WMSI, which correlates strongly with infarct size by histology (r\u2009=\u20090.77).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4D-US outperforms M-Mode and 2D-US for volumetric analysis 4\u2009weeks after CAL and has higher inter-user reliability. 4D-US allows for rapid calculation of WMSI, which correlates well with histologic scar size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-020-00191-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1584021835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Commercial 4-dimensional echocardiography for murine heart volumetric evaluation after myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cody","family":"Rutledge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Cater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mehdi","family":"Nouraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flordeliza","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett A.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.07.001","volume":"21","author":"M Scherrer-Crosbie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scherrer-Crosbie M, Thibault H. 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