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However, its usefulness remains unknown when analyzed along with patients seemingly at high-risk for AF as controls. From this standpoint, we investigated whether AEMD would be of use for identifying patients with PAF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed TDI recordings to obtain AEMD in 63 PAF patients. Thirty-three patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (MRFs) but without history of AF and 50 healthy individuals served as disease and healthy controls, respectively. AEMD was defined as the time-interval between the electrocardiogram P-wave and the beginning of the spectral TDI-derived A\u2019 for the septal (septal EMD) and lateral (lateral EMD) sides of the mitral annulus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference in the left atrial volume index between PAF patients and disease controls (28\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009mL\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 27\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009mL\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). PAF patients had longer AEMD, particularly for the lateral EMD (75\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009ms), compared with disease (62\u2009\u00b1\u200922\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.009) and healthy (54\u2009\u00b1\u200924\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the lateral EMD (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.03\u20131.52,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.023), along with the left atrial volume index (OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.44\u20133.51,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001), was one of the significant independent associates of identifying PAF patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study indicates that even analyzed together with MRFs patients, AEMD remains useful for identifying patients at risk for AF. Our results need to be confirmed by a large-scale prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-020-00205-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T17:03:35Z","timestamp":1592845415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Usefulness of tissue Doppler-derived atrial electromechanical delay for identifying patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kanako","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahide","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Miyamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Kanzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sohmiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Hoshiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus333","volume":"15","author":"T Wilke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilke T, Groth A, Mueller S, Pfannkuche M, Verheyen F, Linder R, et al. 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