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This review summarizes the importance of IPN in the assessment of carotid plaque vulnerability, the current status of ultrasound examination of IPN, and the technical advancements in ultrasound imaging of IPN, These techniques include: Superb micro-vascular imaging; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Plane wave ultra-sensitive blood flow imaging; Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction; Ultrasound Super-Resolution Imaging. Aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-025-00356-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T23:02:05Z","timestamp":1756681325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Current status and advances in ultrasound evaluation of neovascularization within carotid artery plaques: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00825-w","volume":"12","author":"Q Lyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyu Q, Tian X, Ding Y, Yan Y, Huang Y, Zhou P, Hui P. 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