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In vitro experiments including determination of stability, cytotoxicity, cell binding of the obtained <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-RGD@USPIO were carried out, and the targeting kinetics and bio-distribution were tested on an MDA-MB-231 tumor model. A total of 20 (n\u2009=\u200910 per group) MDA-MB-231 xenograft-bearing mice were treated with bevacizumab or placebo (intraperitoneal injections of bevacizumab or a volume-equivalent placebo solution at the dose of 5\u00a0mg\/kg for consecutive 7\u00a0days, respectively), and underwent PET\/CT and MRI examinations with <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-RGD@USPIO before and after treatment. Imaging findings were validated by histological analysis with regard to \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-integrin expression (CD61 expression), microvascular density (CD31 expression), and proliferation (Ki-67 expression).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Excellent stability, low toxicity, and good specificity to endothelial of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-RGD@USPIO were confirmed. The best time point for MRI scan was 6\u00a0h post-injection. No intergroup differences were observed in tumor volume development between baseline and day 7. However, <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-RGD@USPIO binding was significantly reduced after bevacizumab treatment compared with placebo, both on MRI (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and PET\/CT (P\u2009=\u20090.002). Significantly lower microvascular density, tumor cell proliferation, and integrin \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> expression were noted in the bevacizumab therapy group than the placebo group, which were consistent with the imaging results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PET\/MRI with the dual-modality nanoprobe, <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-RGD@USPIO, can be implemented as a noninvasive approach to monitor the therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenesis in breast cancer model in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0534-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T07:11:42Z","timestamp":1570777902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["18F-labeled magnetic nanoparticles for monitoring anti-angiogenic therapeutic effects in breast cancer xenografts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Defan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21412","volume":"67","author":"CE DeSantis","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeSantis CE, Ma J, Goding SA, Newman LA, Jemal A. 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