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To answer it, we studied magnetosomes, which are nanoparticles synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria with sufficiently large sizes (~\u200930\u00a0nm on average) to enable a follow-up of nanoparticle sizes\/heating power variations under two different altering conditions that do not prevent anti-tumor activity, i.e. in vitro cellular internalization and in vivo intra-tumor stay for more than 30\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When magnetosomes are internalized in U87-Luc cells by being incubated with these cells during 24\u00a0h in vitro, the dominant magnetosome sizes within the magnetosome size distribution (DMS) and specific absorption rate (SAR) strongly decrease from DMS ~\u200940\u00a0nm and SAR ~\u20091234\u00a0W\/g<jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>before internalization to DMS ~\u200911\u00a0nm and SAR ~\u200957\u00a0W\/gFe after internalization, a behavior that does not prevent internalized magnetosomes to efficiently destroy U87-Luc cell, i.e. the percentage of U87-Luc living cells incubated with magnetosomes decreases by 25% between before and after alternating magnetic field (AMF) application. When 2\u00a0\u00b5l of a suspension containing 40\u00a0\u00b5g of magnetosomes are administered to intracranial U87-Luc tumors of 2\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>and exposed (or not) to 15 magnetic sessions (MS), each one consisting in 30\u00a0min application of an AMF of 27\u00a0mT and 198\u00a0kHz, DMS and SAR decrease between before and after the 15 MS from ~\u200940\u00a0nm and ~\u20094\u00a0W\/g<jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>down to ~\u200929\u00a0nm and ~\u20090\u00a0W\/g<jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>. Although the magnetosome heating power is weakened in vivo, i.e. no measurable tumor temperature increase is observed after the sixth MS, anti-tumor activity remains persistent up to the 15th MS, resulting in full tumor disappearance among 50% of treated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we report sustained magnetosome anti-tumor activity under conditions of significant magnetosome size reduction and complete loss of magnetosome heating power.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0555-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T19:02:49Z","timestamp":1577127769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Biodegraded magnetosomes with reduced size and heating power maintain a persistent activity against intracranial U87-Luc mouse GBM tumors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Alphand\u00e9ry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Idbaih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clovis","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Delattre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Gazeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Guyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Im\u00e8ne","family":"Chebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1591","volume":"5","author":"JE Kennedy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kennedy JE. 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