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Because stem cells can proliferate and differentiate into bone-forming cells, stem cell therapy for osteoporosis has been widely studied. However, cells as a live drug face multiple challenges because of their instability during preservation and transportation. In addition, cell therapy has potential adverse effects such as embolism, tumorigenicity, and immunogenicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herein, we sought to use cell-mimicking and targeted therapeutic nanoparticles to replace stem cells. We fabricated nanoparticles (NPs) using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded with the secretome (Sec) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to form MSC-Sec NPs. Furthermore, we cloaked the nanoparticles with the membranes from C\u2013X\u2013C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-expressing human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) to generate MSC-Sec\/CXCR4 NP. CXCR4 can target the nanoparticles to the bone microenvironment under osteoporosis based on the CXCR4\/SDF-1 axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a rat model of osteoporosis, MSC-Sec\/CXCR4 NP were found to accumulate in bone, and such treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation while promoting osteogenic proliferation. In addition, our results showed that MSC-Sec\/CXCR4 NPs reduce OVX-induced bone mass attenuation in OVX rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01231-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T04:02:39Z","timestamp":1642219359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Nanoparticles functionalized with stem cell secretome and CXCR4-overexpressing endothelial membrane for targeted osteoporosis therapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dashuai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0282-7","volume":"16","author":"TL Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang TL, Shen H, Liu A, Dong SS, Zhang L, Deng FY, Zhao Q, Deng HW. 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