{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:46:57Z","timestamp":1793479617706,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81802200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81802200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gusu Health Talents Program","award":["GSWS2020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSWS2020023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aseptic Loosening (AL) following periprosthetic osteolysis is the main long-term complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, there is rare effective treatment except for revision surgery, which is costly and painful to the patients. In recent years, the ketone body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has attracted much attention and has been proved to be beneficial in many chronic diseases. With respect to the studies on the ketone body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), its anti-inflammatory ability has been widely investigated. Although the ketone body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate has been applied in many inflammatory diseases and has achieved considerable therapeutic efficacy, its effect on wear particles induced osteolysis is still unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this work, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory action of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) could be reappeared in CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis. Mechanistically, the ketone body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) deactivated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome triggered by CoCrMo alloy particles. Of note, this inhibitory action was independent of Gpr109a receptor as well as histone deacetylase (HDAC) suppression. Furthermore, given that butyrate, one kind of short chain\u00a0fatty acid (SCFA) structurally related to \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), has been reported to be an inhibitor of osteoclast, thus we also investigate the effect of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on osteoclast, which was contributed to bone resorption. It was found that \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) did not only affect osteoclast differentiation, but also inhibit its function. Unlike the inflammasome, the effect of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on osteoclast may mainly rely on histone deacetylase (HDAC) suppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, our study showed that the alleviation of osteolysis may owe to the effect of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on inflammasome deactivation and osteoclast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T06:03:11Z","timestamp":1646805791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The ketone body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yanglin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naicheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.05.005","volume":"9","author":"J Gallo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gallo J, Goodman SB, Konttinen YT, Wimmer MA, Holinka M. Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(9):8046\u201358.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"1320_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16014","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.14","volume":"4","author":"AM Kandahari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kandahari AM, Yang X, Laroche KA, Dighe AS, Pan D, Cui Q. A review of UHMWPE wear-induced osteolysis: the role for early detection of the immune response. Bone Res. 2016;4:16014.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22190","volume":"31","author":"L Burton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burton L, Paget D, Binder NB, et al. Orthopedic wear debris mediated inflammatory osteolysis is mediated in part by NALP3 inflammasome activation. J Orthop Res. 2013;31(1):73\u201380.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00915-3","volume":"19","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, He F, Zhang C, et al. Melatonin alleviates titanium nanoparticles induced osteolysis via activation of butyrate\/GPR109A signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnol. 2021;19(1):170.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22411","volume":"31","author":"MS Caicedo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caicedo MS, Samelko L, McAllister K, Jacobs JJ, Hallab NJ. Increasing both CoCrMo-alloy particle size and surface irregularity induces increased macrophage inflammasome activation in vitro potentially through lysosomal destabilization mechanisms. J Orthop Res. 2013;31(10):1633\u201342.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20826","volume":"27","author":"MS Caicedo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caicedo MS, Desai R, McAllister K, Reddy A, Jacobs JJ, Hallab NJ. Soluble and particulate Co-Cr-Mo alloy implant metals activate the inflammasome danger signaling pathway in human macrophages: a novel mechanism for implant debris reactivity. J Orthop Res. 2009;27(7):847\u201354.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21149","volume":"28","author":"CA St Pierre","year":"2010","unstructured":"St Pierre CA, Chan M, Iwakura Y, Ayers DC, Kurt-Jones EA, Finberg RW. Periprosthetic osteolysis: characterizing the innate immune response to titanium wear-particles. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(11):1418\u201324.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.008","volume":"45","author":"C Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo C, Xie S, Chi Z, et al. Bile acids control inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunity. 2016;45(4):802\u201316.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715","volume":"27","author":"F Martinon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinon F, Mayor A, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes: guardians of the body. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27(1):229\u201365.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1320_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.007","volume":"157","author":"M Lamkanfi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lamkanfi M, Dixit VM. Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes. Cell. 2014;157(5):1013\u201322.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2279","volume":"17","author":"B Vandanmagsar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vandanmagsar B, Youm YH, Ravussin A, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2011;17(2):179\u201388.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1320_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1935","volume":"11","author":"SL Masters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masters SL, Dunne A, Subramanian SL, et al. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(10):897\u2013904.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7434","key":"1320_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11729","volume":"493","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Stutz A, et al. NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and contributes to pathology in APP\/PS1 mice. Nature. 2013;493(7434):674\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7081","key":"1320_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516","volume":"440","author":"F Martinon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinon F, Petrilli V, Mayor A, Tardivel A, Tschopp J. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237\u201341.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7293","key":"1320_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","volume":"464","author":"P Duewell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duewell P, Kono H, Rayner KJ, et al. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals. Nature. 2010;464(7293):1357\u201361.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.11.004","volume":"10","author":"HS Son","year":"2020","unstructured":"Son HS, Lee J, Lee HI, et al. Benzydamine inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption via down-regulation of interleukin-1 beta expression. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020;10(3):462\u201374.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.022","volume":"25","author":"P Puchalska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in fuel metabolism, signaling, and therapeutics. Cell Metab. 2017;25(2):262\u201384.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.027","volume":"181","author":"QY Ang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ang QY, Alexander M, Newman JC, et al. Ketogenic diets alter the gut microbiome resulting in decreased intestinal Th17 cells. Cell. 2020;181(6):1263-1275.e1216.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102510","author":"M Ulamek-Koziol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ulamek-Koziol M, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Pluta R. Ketogenic diet and epilepsy. Nutrients. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11102510.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1320_CR20","first-page":"CD001903","volume":"2","author":"K Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin K, Jackson CF, Levy RG, Cooper PN. Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD001903.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.052","volume":"152","author":"KD Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall KD, Guo J. Obesity energetics: body weight regulation and the effects of diet composition. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(7):1718-1727 e1713.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.004","volume":"26","author":"JC Newman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newman JC, Covarrubias AJ, Zhao M, et al. Ketogenic diet reduces midlife mortality and improves memory in aging mice. Cell Metab. 2017;26(3):547-557 e548.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01209-1","volume":"27","author":"KD Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall KD, Guo J, Courville AB, et al. Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake. Nat Med. 2021;27(2):344\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30408-8","volume":"17","author":"K Augustin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Augustin K, Khabbush A, Williams S, et al. Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(1):84\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13024","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13024","volume":"21","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Tozzi R, Risi R, et al. Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2020;21(8):e13024.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"13","key":"1320_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7347","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922344117","volume":"117","author":"PK Luukkonen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luukkonen PK, Dufour S, Lyu K, et al. Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(13):7347\u201354.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15983-6","volume":"11","author":"SR Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SR, Lee SG, Kim SH, et al. SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2127.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"1320_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.004","volume":"18","author":"EL Goldberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldberg EL, Asher JL, Molony RD, et al. beta-Hydroxybutyrate deactivates neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome to relieve gout flares. Cell Rep. 2017;18(9):2077\u201387.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"27","key":"1320_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13533","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820282116","volume":"116","author":"T Miyauchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miyauchi T, Uchida Y, Kadono K, et al. Up-regulation of FOXO1 and reduced inflammation by beta-hydroxybutyric acid are essential diet restriction benefits against liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(27):13533\u201342.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1320_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4944","volume":"5","author":"M Rahman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahman M, Muhammad S, Khan MA, et al. The beta-hydroxybutyrate receptor HCA2 activates a neuroprotective subset of macrophages. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3944.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","volume":"21","author":"YH Youm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Youm YH, Nguyen KY, Grant RW, et al. The ketone metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Nat Med. 2015;21(3):263\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1320_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11010030","author":"W Toh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toh W, Tan X, Bhowmik A, Liu E, Tor S. Tribochemical characterization and tribocorrosive behavior of CoCrMo alloys: a review. Materials. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma11010030.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR33","first-page":"1629","volume":"19","author":"F Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang F, Tang J, Dai K, Huang Y. Metallic wear debris collected from patients induces apoptosis in rat primary osteoblasts via reactive oxygen speciesmediated mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep. 2019;19(3):1629\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1320_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33243","volume":"103","author":"S Grosse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grosse S, Haugland HK, Lilleng P, Ellison P, Hallan G, H\u00f8l PJ. Wear particles and ions from cemented and uncemented titanium-based hip prostheses-a histological and chemical analysis of retrieval material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015;103(3):709\u201317.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"5","key":"1320_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.048","volume":"178","author":"CW Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng CW, Biton M, Haber AL, et al. Ketone body signaling mediates intestinal stem cell homeostasis and adaptation to diet. Cell. 2019;178(5):1115-1131 e1115.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05305-2","volume":"64","author":"B Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li B, Yu Y, Liu K, et al. beta-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits histone deacetylase 3 to promote claudin-5 generation and attenuate cardiac microvascular hyperpermeability in diabetes. Diabetologia. 2021;64(1):226\u201339.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6116","key":"1320_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227166","volume":"339","author":"T Shimazu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shimazu T, Hirschey MD, Newman J, et al. Suppression of oxidative stress by beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor. Science. 2013;339(6116):211\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.02.003","volume":"10","author":"J Gallo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gallo J, Vaculova J, Goodman SB, Konttinen YT, Thyssen JP. Contributions of human tissue analysis to understanding the mechanisms of loosening and osteolysis in total hip replacement. Acta Biomater. 2014;10(6):2354\u201366.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2019.19.e2","volume":"19","author":"YK Jung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung YK, Kang YM, Han S. Osteoclasts in the inflammatory arthritis: implications for pathologic osteolysis. Immune Netw. 2019;19(1):e2.","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"1320_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122091","author":"SB Goodman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman SB, Gallo J. Periprosthetic osteolysis: mechanisms, prevention and treatment. J Clin Med. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8122091.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.09.002","volume":"25","author":"JC Newman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Newman JC, Verdin E. Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(1):42\u201352.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1320_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15092","author":"SF Sleiman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sleiman SF, Henry J, Al-Haddad R, et al. Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate. Elife. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.15092.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"9","key":"1320_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2622","volume":"101","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Kukita A, Kukita T, Shobuike T, Nakamura T, Kohashi O. Two histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, suppress differentiation into osteoclasts but not into macrophages. Blood. 2003;101(9):3451\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.013","volume":"49","author":"AM Tyagi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyagi AM, Yu M, Darby TM, et al. The microbial metabolite butyrate stimulates bone formation via T regulatory cell-mediated regulation of WNT10B expression. Immunity. 2018;49(6):1116-1131 e1117.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"1320_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134214","volume":"130","author":"D Andreev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andreev D, Liu M, Weidner D, et al. Osteocyte necrosis triggers osteoclast-mediated bone loss through macrophage-inducible C-type lectin. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(9):4811\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.09.005","volume":"10","author":"DV Novack","year":"2011","unstructured":"Novack DV, Faccio R. Osteoclast motility: putting the brakes on bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1320_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93356","volume":"127","author":"G Mbalaviele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL. Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(6):2030\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1320_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00590-w","volume":"18","author":"K Marycz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marycz K, Sobierajska P, Roecken M, et al. Iron oxides nanoparticles (IOs) exposed to magnetic field promote expression of osteogenic markers in osteoblasts through integrin alpha-3 (INTa-3) activation, inhibits osteoclasts activity and exerts anti-inflammatory action. J Nanobiotechnol. 2020;18(1):33.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T06:15:12Z","timestamp":1646806512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-022-01320-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments and tests were guided and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"120"}}