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To further decrease the <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ratio of the reported Gd macrochelates that is an important factor for <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> imaging, in this study, a superior macromolecule hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) was found to coordinate Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>. The synthesis conditions were optimized and the generated Gd-HPMA macrochelate was systematically characterized. The obtained Gd-HPMA29 synthesized in a 100\u00a0L of reactor has a <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> value of 16.35 mM<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ratio of 2.05 at 7.0\u00a0T, a high Gd yield of 92.7% and a high product weight (1074\u00a0g), which demonstrates the feasibility of kilogram scale facile synthesis. After optimization of excipients and sterilization at a high temperature, the obtained Gd-HPMA30 formulation has a pH value of 7.97, osmolality of 691 mOsmol\/kg water, density of 1.145\u00a0g\/mL, and viscosity of 2.2 cP at 20\u00a0\u2103 or 1.8\u00a0cP at 37\u00a0\u2103, which meet all specifications and physicochemical criteria for clinical injections indicating the immense potential for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02394-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1712664112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Kilogram scale facile synthesis and systematic characterization of a Gd-macrochelate as T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingdeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemin","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenggong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2394_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-130707","volume":"134","author":"A Boehme","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boehme A, Idro R, Munube D, Bangirana P, Mupere E, Opoka R, et al. 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