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However, the interaction between stromal and epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, inflammatory prostate epithelial cells (PECs) released miR-203a-3p-rich exosomes and facilitated prostate stromal cells (PSCs) inflammation by upregulating MCP-1 expression. Mechanistically, DUSP5 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-203a-3p and regulated PSCs inflammation through the ERK1\/2\/MCP-1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the effect of exosomes derived from prostatic fluids of CP\/CPPS-A patients was consistent with that of exosomes derived from inflammatory PECs. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-203a-3p antagomirs-loaded exosomes derived from PECs targeted the prostate and alleviated prostatitis by inhibiting the DUSP5-ERK1\/2 pathway. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into underlying the interaction between PECs and PSCs in CP\/CPPS-A, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for CP\/CPPS-A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02513-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T01:01:47Z","timestamp":1715302907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epithelial cells derived exosomal miR-203a-3p facilitates stromal inflammation of type IIIA chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome by targeting DUSP5 and increasing MCP-1 generation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Guojing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuhan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saipeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruimin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiji","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhansong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2513_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-1814","volume":"174","author":"YJ Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun YJ, Liu Y, Liu BY, Zhou KH, Yue ZH, Zhang W, et al. 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All experimental designs and protocols involving animals were approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Army Medical University (Ethics approval number: AMUWEC2020939). All procedures were conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and standard guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"236"}}