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Expectedly, Cel\/NPs showed excellent localization ability to colon in vitro and in vivo tests. The elevated concentration of ROS and intestinal enzymes in the colon microenvironment quickly break the CD, resulting in Cel release partially to rebalance microbiota and recover the intestinal barrier. The accompanying cellular internalization of residual Cel\/NPs, along with the high concentration of cellular ROS to trigger Cel burst release, could decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inhibit colonic cell apoptosis, promote the macrophage polarization, scavenge ROS, and regulate the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, which certified that Cel\/NPs possessed a notably anti-UC therapy outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We provide a promising strategy for addressing UC symptoms\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      an enzyme\/ROS-sensitive oral platform capable of releasing drugs on demand.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02725-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1722009760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Enzyme\/ROS dual-sensitive nanoplatform with on-demand Celastrol release capacity for enhanced ulcerative colitis therapy by ROS scavenging, microbiota rebalancing, inflammation alleviating"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezhou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingliang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congjian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.025","volume":"347","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu S, Cao Y, Ma L, Sun J, Ramos-Mucci L, Ma Y, Yang X, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Xiao B. 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