{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:23:12Z","timestamp":1793996592714,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical and Health Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","award":["2023KY086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY086"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research Project of Hangzhou Medical College","award":["KYYB202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYYB202108"]}]},{"name":"Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Wenzhou","award":["ZY2021026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021026"]}]},{"name":"Special project of Hangzhou Medical College","award":["KYZD2023005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYZD2023005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:08:09Z","timestamp":1769231289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microneedle-delivered ROS-adaptive asiatic acid nanoparticles promote scarless repair via remodeling the pathological microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yawen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32545","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09796","volume":"9","author":"ADDINENREFLIST Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang ADDINENREFLIST, Yang L, Ran J, Yang B, Zheng X, Long W, et al. Small molecular TGF-\u03b21-inhibitor-loaded electrospun fibrous scaffolds for preventing hypertrophic scars. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:32545\u201353.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"3946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7601","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07439","volume":"12","author":"W Weng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weng W, He S, Song H, Li X, Cao L, Hu Y, et al. Aligned carbon nanotubes reduce hypertrophic scar via regulating cell behavior. ACS Nano. 2018;12:7601\u201312.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"3946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.11.002","volume":"81","author":"PH Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang PH, Huang BS, Horng HC, Yeh CC, Chen YJ. Wound healing. J Chin Med Assoc. 2018;81:94\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"3946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b01521","volume":"5","author":"M Gholipourmalekabadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gholipourmalekabadi M, Khosravimelal S, Nokhbedehghan Z, Sameni M, Jajarmi V, Urbanska AM, et al. Modulation of hypertrophic scar formation using amniotic membrane\/electrospun silk fibroin bilayer membrane in a rabbit ear model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2019;5:1487\u201396.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"3946_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1383-x","volume":"10","author":"CH Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu CH, Tseng YW, Chiou CY, Lan KC, Chou CH, Tai CS, et al. Bone marrow concentrate-induced mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium facilitates wound healing and prevents hypertrophic scar formation in a rabbit ear model. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10:275.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"3946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31406-4","volume":"388","author":"CC Finnerty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Finnerty CC, Jeschke MG, Branski LK, Barret JP, Dziewulski P, Herndon DN. Hypertrophic scarring: the greatest unmet challenge after burn injury. Lancet. 2016;388:1427\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3946_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205951311988030","DOI":"10.1177\/2059513119880301","volume":"5","author":"C Iosifidis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iosifidis C, Goutos I. Percutaneous collagen induction (microneedling) for the management of non-atrophic scars: literature review. Scars Burn Heal. 2019;5:2059513119880301.","journal-title":"Scars Burn Heal"},{"key":"3946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00416","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3781","volume":"101","author":"W Manuskiatti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manuskiatti W, Kaewkes A, Yan C, Ng JN, Glahn JZ, Wanitphakdeedecha R. Hypertrophic Scar outcomes in fractional laser monotherapy versus fractional ssssssssssLaser-Assisted topical corticosteroid delivery: A randomized clinical trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2021;101:adv00416.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"3946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(00)80065-3","volume":"7","author":"B Brinkhaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant centella asiatica. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:427\u201348.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3946_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1008-6138","volume":"85","author":"NNM Razali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Razali NNM, Ng CT, Fong LY. Cardiovascular protective effects of centella asiatica and its triterpenes: a review. Planta Med. 2019;85:1203\u201315.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"3946_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5462633","volume":"2021","author":"KS Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park KS. Pharmacological effects of centella Asiatica on skin diseases: evidence and possible mechanisms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021;2021:5462633.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"3946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630317751840","volume":"23","author":"J Lv","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lv J, Sharma A, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ding X. Pharmacological review on asiatic acid and its derivatives: a potential compound. SLAS Technol. 2018;23:111\u201327.","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"3946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-103","volume":"12","author":"J Somboonwong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Somboonwong J, Kankaisre M, Tantisira B, Tantisira MH. Wound healing activities of different extracts of centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:103.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"3946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2022.2048849","volume":"44","author":"O Kukula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kukula O, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131kan S, Tiryaki ES, \u00c7i\u00e7ekli MN, G\u00fcnayd\u0131n C. Asiatic acid exerts an anti-psoriatic effect in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2022;44:367\u201372.","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"3946_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)02177-0","volume":"476","author":"Y Soo Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Soo Lee Y, Jin DQ, Beak SM, Lee ES, Kim JA. Inhibition of ultraviolet-A-modulated signaling pathways by asiatic acid and ursolic acid in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;476:173\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3946_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115122","volume":"165","author":"XC Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen XC, Huang LF, Tang JX, Wu D, An N, Ye ZN, et al. Asiatic acid alleviates cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in tumor-bearing mice by improving the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;165:115122.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3946_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.2008054","volume":"28","author":"YW Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang YW, Tu LL, Zhang Y, Pan JC, Zheng GL, Yin LN. Liver-targeted delivery of Asiatic acid nanostructured lipid carrier for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Drug Deliv. 2021;28:2534\u201347.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"3946_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301518","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yan Y, Ma Y, Tu L, Shao J, et al. Dual-Targeted Nanoparticle-in-Microparticle system for ulcerative colitis therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023;12:e2301518.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"3946_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301518","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yan Y, Ma Y, Tu L, Shao J, et al. Dual-targeted nanoparticle-in-microparticle system for ulcerative colitis therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202301518.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"3946_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46328-2","volume":"15","author":"ZR Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang ZR, Suo H, Fan JW, Lv N, Du K, Ma T, et al. Endogenous stimuli-responsive separating microneedles to inhibit hypertrophic scar through remodeling the pathological microenvironment. Nat Commun. 2024;15:2038.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3946_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061830","volume":"27","author":"J He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He J, Meng X, Meng C, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, et al. Layer-by-layer pirfenidone\/cerium oxide nanocapsule dressing promotes wound repair and prevents scar formation. Molecules. 2022;27:1830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27061830","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3946_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2020.100271","volume":"1","author":"B Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu B, Thayumanavan S. Mechanistic investigation on oxidative degradation of ROS-responsive thioacetal\/thioketal moieties and their implications. Cell Reports Physical Science. 2020;1:100271.","journal-title":"Cell Reports Physical Science"},{"key":"3946_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7417","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S335039","volume":"16","author":"EA Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim EA, Park JS, Kim MS, Jeong MY, Park HJ, Choi JH, et al. High-payload nanosuspension of centella Asiatica extract for improved skin delivery with no irritation. Int J Nanomed. 2021;16:7417\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"3946_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2019.1645119","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Feng X, Meng S. Site-specific drug delivery in the skin for the localized treatment of skin diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2019;16:847\u201367.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"3946_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06981-w","volume":"9","author":"A Than","year":"2018","unstructured":"Than A, Liu C, Chang H, Duong PK, Cheung CMG, Xu C, Wang X, Chen P. Self-implantable double-layered micro-drug-reservoirs for efficient and controlled ocular drug delivery. Nat Commun. 2018;9:4433.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3946_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6604","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB01449G","volume":"7","author":"Y Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie Y, Wang H, Mao J, Li Y, Hussain M, Zhu J, et al. Enhanced in vitro efficacy for inhibiting hypertrophic scar by bleomycin-loaded dissolving hyaluronic acid microneedles. J Mater Chem B. 2019;7:6604\u201311.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"3946_CR27","first-page":"253","volume":"5","author":"J Chi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chi J, Zhang X, Chen C, Shao C, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Antibacterial and angiogenic Chitosan microneedle array patch for promoting wound healing. Bioact Mater. 2020;5:253\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"3946_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0337-4","volume":"3","author":"W Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li W, Terry RN, Tang J, Feng MR, Schwendeman SP, Prausnitz MR. Rapidly separable microneedle patch for the sustained release of a contraceptive. Nat Biomed Eng. 2019;3:220\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3946_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.039","volume":"80","author":"K Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee K, Song HB, Cho W, Kim JH, Kim JH, Ryu W. Intracorneal injection of a detachable hybrid microneedle for sustained drug delivery. Acta Biomater. 2018;80:48\u201357.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"3946_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10163","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c11016","volume":"16","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Shi L, He H, Liu X, Huang Y, Xu D, Yao M, Zhang N, Guo Y, Lu Y, et al. Down-Regulating Scar formation by microneedles directly via a mechanical communication pathway. ACS Nano. 2022;16:10163\u201378.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"3946_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2017.02.030","volume":"51","author":"DD Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu DD, Chen BZ, He MC, Guo XD. Structural optimization of rapidly separating microneedles for efficient drug delivery. J Ind Eng Chem. 2017;51:178\u201384.","journal-title":"J Ind Eng Chem"},{"key":"3946_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-023-00561-w","volume":"20","author":"Y Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye Y, Zhong H, Huang S, Lai W, Huang Y, Sun C, Zhang Y, Zheng S. Reactive oxygen species scavenging hydrogel regulates stem cell behavior and promotes bone healing in osteoporosis. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2023;20:981\u201392.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"3946_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105712","volume":"74","author":"Z Meng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meng Z, Li HY, Si CY, Liu YZ, Teng S. Asiatic acid inhibits cardiac fibrosis throughNrf2\/HO-1 and TGF-\u03b21\/Smads signaling pathways in spontaneous hypertension rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;74:105712.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3946_CR34","first-page":"769","volume":"37","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Han D, Liu T, Huang C, Hu Z, Tan X, Wu S. Asiatic acid improves high-fat-diet-induced osteoporosis in mice via regulating SIRT1\/FOXO1 signaling and inhibiting oxidative stress. Histol Histopathol. 2022;37:769\u201377.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"3946_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156498","volume":"140","author":"RY Shang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shang RY, Yang JC, Hu WG, Xiao R, Hu DS, Lin ZC, et al. Artesunate attenuates skin hypertrophic scar formation by inhibiting fibroblast activation and EndMT of vascular endothelial cells. Phytomedicine. 2025;140:156498.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3946_CR36","first-page":"417","volume":"47","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Shen H, Yuan J, et al. LA-peptide hydrogel-regulation of macrophage and fibroblast fates and their crosstalk via attenuating TGF-\u03b2 to promote scarless wound healing. Bioact Mater. 2025;47:417\u201331.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"3946_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202111003","volume":"32","author":"J Mao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mao J, Chen L, Cai Z, Qian S, Liu Z, Zhao B, et al. Advanced biomaterials for regulating polarization of macrophages in wound healing. Adv Funct Mater. 2022;32:2111003.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"3946_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7676","volume":"6","author":"G Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu G, Zhang R, Geng S, Peng L, Jayaraman P, Chen C, Xu F, Yang J, Li Q, Zheng H, et al. Myeloid cell-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses M1 macrophage polarization. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6676.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3946_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21964-0","volume":"12","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zheng Y, Lee J, Hua J, Li S, Panchamukhi A, Yue J, Gou X, Xia Z, Zhu L, Wu X. A pulsatile release platform based on photo-induced imine-crosslinking hydrogel promotes scarless wound healing. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1670.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3946_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.10.040","volume":"201","author":"S Tejiram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tejiram S, Zhang J, Travis TE, Carney BC, Alkhalil A, Moffatt LT, et al. Compression therapy affects collagen type balance in hypertrophic scar. J Surg Res. 2016;201:299\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3946_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.05.038","volume":"306","author":"S Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin S, Quan G, Hou A, Yang P, Peng T, Gu Y, et al. Strategy for hypertrophic scar therapy: improved delivery of triamcinolone acetonide using mechanically robust tip-concentrated dissolving microneedle array. J Control Release. 2019;306:69\u201382.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"3946_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-0901-7","volume":"173","author":"ZJ Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li ZJ, Kim SM. The application of the starfish hatching enzyme for the improvement of scar and keloid based on the fibroblast-populated collagen lattice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2014;173:989\u20131002.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"3946_CR43","first-page":"18","volume":"2","author":"JW Penn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Penn JW, Grobbelaar AO, Rolfe KJ. The role of the TGF-\u03b2 family in wound healing, burns and scarring: a review. Int J Burns Trauma. 2012;2:18\u201328.","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"key":"3946_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm_00000231","volume":"24","author":"GM Bran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bran GM, Goessler UR, Hormann K, Riedel F, Sadick H. Keloids: current concepts of pathogenesis (review). Int J Mol Med. 2009;24:283\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"3946_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.352","volume":"136","author":"G Theocharidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theocharidis G, Drymoussi Z, Kao AP, Barber AH, Lee DA, Braun KM, Connelly JT. Type VI collagen regulates dermal matrix assembly and fibroblast motility. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136:74\u201383.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3946_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01129","volume":"9","author":"S Castagnaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castagnaro S, Chrisam M, Cescon M, Braghetta P, Grumati P, Bonaldo P. Extracellular collagen VI has prosurvival and autophagy instructive properties in mouse fibroblasts. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1129.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"3946_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S461760","volume":"17","author":"W Xiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiang W, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y. The role of Tenascin-C in hypertrophic scar formation: insights from cell and animal experiments. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024;17:1637\u201348.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"3946_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671485","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.671485","volume":"12","author":"L Albacete-Albacete","year":"2021","unstructured":"48, Albacete-Albacete L, S\u00e1nchez-\u00c1lvarez M, Del Pozo MA. Extracellular vesicles: an emerging mechanism governing the secretion and biological roles of Tenascin-C. Front Immunol. 2021;12:671485.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3946_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745637","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.745637","volume":"9","author":"M Klaas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klaas M, M\u00e4emets-Allas K, Heinm\u00e4e E, Lagus H, C\u00e1rdenas-Le\u00f3n CG, Arak T, Eller M, Kingo K, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Thrombospondin-4 is a soluble dermal inflammatory signal that selectively promotes fibroblast migration and keratinocyte proliferation for skin regeneration and wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:745637.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"3946_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin MF, desJardins-Park HE, Mascharak S, Borrelli MR, Longaker MT. Understanding the impact of fibroblast heterogeneity on skin fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2020;13:dmm044164.","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.044164"},{"key":"3946_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0040-5","volume":"19","author":"X Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao X, Kwan JYY, Yip K, Liu PP, Liu FF. Targeting metabolic dysregulation for fibrosis therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19:57\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:03:16Z","timestamp":1771333396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03946-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human participants in this study were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Subjects Research of Wenzhou People\u2019s Hospital (Approval No. 2022\u2009\u2212\u2009415). Protocols of animal experiments were permitted by the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Province (Approval No. 2021\u2009\u2212\u2009266).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"171"}}