{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1793261992455,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005057","name":"National Tsing Hua University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis. This study presents a novel approach to CRC treatment by improved photothermal\/photocatalytic\/chemodynamic combination therapy in conjunction with modulation of the cancer microenvironment by scavenging endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S), a gasotransmitter overproduced in CRC cells. Copper selenide nanoparticles (CuSe NPs) scavenge H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S by sulfidation into copper sulfur selenium (CuSSe) NPs, leading to the in situ band gap modulation from 0.81\u00a0eV to 1.03\u00a0eV and formation of copper vacancies. These vacancies promote photothermal performances, while the change of band gap enables oxygen production via the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at the valence band and superoxide radicals (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2022\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) generation at the conduction band. Profound cytotoxic effect attained by the treatment of murine CT26 colon cancer cells with CuSe NPs and NIR-II laser irradiation corroborates the efficacy of the combined therapy alongside H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S depletion and disturbance of oxidative stress balance. Selective H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S depletion and formation of CuSSe NPs in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S-rich colon cancer microenvironment efficiently promote the efficacy of the multimodality treatment and eradicate colon cancer in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. This strategy highlights the potential of in situ self-engineering nanotherapeutics with tumor microenvironmental remodeling for CRC therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T02:05:27Z","timestamp":1767146727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["H2S-responsive CuSe nanoparticles convert into CuSSe in situ with band gap modulation for oxygen self-supply and enhanced colon cancer phototherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Kandel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Sabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Min","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramalingam","family":"Sharmila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshminarayan","family":"Ramesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Cheng","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan E, Arnold M, Gini A, Lorenzoni V, Cabasag CJ, Laversanne M, Vignat J, Ferlay J, Murphy N, Bray F. 2023. Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut 2023;72, 338\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736"},{"key":"3977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201140","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201140","volume":"11","author":"IL Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu IL, Yu TW, Liu TI, Chen HH, Yang YC, Lo CL, Wang CY, Chiu HC. Microfluidized dextran microgels loaded with cisplatin\/SPION lipid nanotherapeutics for local colon cancer treatment via oral administration. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022;11:2201140.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-0530-4","volume":"18","author":"R Baghban","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal. 2020;18:1\u201319.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"3977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen N. 2017. Functional and molecular insights of hydrogen sulfide signaling and protein sulfhydration. J. Mol. Biol. 2017;429, 543\u2013561.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.12.015"},{"key":"3977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4345","volume":"17","author":"H Kimura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kimura H, Shibuya N, Kimura Y. Hydrogen sulfide is a signaling molecule and a cytoprotectant. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012;17:45\u201357.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"3977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szabo C, Coletta C, Chao C, M\u00f3dis K, Szczesny B, Papapetropoulos A, Hellmich MR. Tumor-derived hydrogen sulfide, produced by cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase, stimulates bioenergetics, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in colon cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013;110, 12474\u201312479.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306241110"},{"key":"3977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.1","volume":"15","author":"C Szabo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szabo C. Gasotransmitters in cancer: from pathophysiology to experimental therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15:185\u2013203.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"3977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen HJ, Li K, Qin YZ, Zhou JJ, Li T, Qian L, Yang CY, Ji XY, Wu DD. Recent advances in the role of endogenous hydrogen sulphide in cancer cells. Cell Prolif. 2023;56:e13449.","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13449"},{"key":"3977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15782","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201810082","volume":"57","author":"L An","year":"2018","unstructured":"An L, Wang X, Rui X, Lin J, Yang H, Tian Q, Tao C, Yang S. The in situ sulfidation of Cu2O by endogenous H2S for colon cancer theranostics. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57:15782\u20136.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"3977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903473","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201903473","volume":"15","author":"C Tao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tao C, An L, Lin J, Tian Q, Yang S. Surface plasmon resonance\u2013enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of endogenous H2S-triggered Au@Cu2O. Small. 2019;15:1903473.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"3977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-3038-8","volume":"13","author":"Q Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang Q, Gou J, Arramel, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wee AT. Oxygen-induced controllable p-type doping in 2D semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides. Nano Res. 2020;13:3439\u201344.","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"3977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907818","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907818","volume":"33","author":"Q Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu Q, Han J, Wang X, Xu P, Yao T, Zhong J, Zhong W, Liu S, Gao T, Zhang Z, Xu L. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: design, modulation, and challenges in electrocatalysis. Adv Mater. 2021;33:1907818.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18558","DOI":"10.1021\/ja208043g","volume":"133","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang JJ, Xue DJ, Guo YG, Hu JS, Wan LJ. Bandgap engineering of monodispersed Cu2\u2013xSy Se1\u2013y nanocrystals through chalcogen ratio and crystal structure. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:18558\u201361.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"3977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.154127","volume":"832","author":"AK De","year":"2020","unstructured":"De AK, Majumdar S, Pal S, Kumar S, Sinha I. Zn doping induced band gap widening of Ag2O nanoparticles. J Alloys Compd. 2020;832:154127.","journal-title":"J Alloys Compd"},{"key":"3977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b01845","volume":"28","author":"S Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh S, Brandon M, Liu P, Laffir F, Redington W, Ryan KM. Selective phase transformation of wurtzite Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 (CZTSSe) nanocrystals into zinc-blende and kesterite phases by solution and solid state transformations. Chem Mater. 2016;28:5055\u201362.","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15922","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b03826","volume":"121","author":"D Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu D, Tang A, Kong Q, Zeng B, Yang C, Teng F. Roles of sulfur sources in the formation of alloyed Cu2\u2013xSySe1\u2013y nanocrystals: controllable synthesis and tuning of plasmonic resonance absorption. J Phys Chem C. 2017;121:15922\u201330.","journal-title":"J Phys Chem C"},{"key":"3977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.158505","volume":"641","author":"HK Zafar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zafar HK, Sohail M, Nafady A, Ostrikov KK, Will G, Wahab MA, O\u2019Mullane AP. S-doped copper Selenide thin films synthesized by chemical bath deposition for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl Surf Sci. 2023;641:158505.","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"3977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1021\/cs4000975","volume":"3","author":"Q Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Q, Meng H, Zhou P, Zheng Y, Wang J, Yu J, Gong J. Zn1\u2013xCdxS solid solutions with controlled bandgap and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity. Acs Catal. 2013;3:882\u20139.","journal-title":"Acs Catal"},{"key":"3977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Skalickova S, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Peng Q, Baron M, Melcova M, Opatrilova R, Zidkova J, Bj\u00f8rklund G. Nano-selenium and its nanomedicine applications: a critical review. Int J Nanomed. 2018;10:2107\u201328.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S157541"},{"key":"3977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14512","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR04851C","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X, Miao Z, Ma Y, Chen H, Qian H, Zha Z. One-pot solution synthesis of shape-controlled copper Selenide nanostructures and their potential applications in photocatalysis and photothermal therapy. Nanoscale. 2017;9:14512\u20139.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"3977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906466","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201906466","volume":"30","author":"C Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan C, Ou M, Cheng Q, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Zhang F, Xia D, Mei L, Ji X. Z-scheme heterojunction functionalized pyrite nanosheets for modulating tumor microenvironment and strengthening photo\/chemodynamic therapeutic effects. Adv Funct Mater. 2020;30:1906466.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.07.024","volume":"180","author":"H Hyun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hyun H, Park J, Willis K, Park JE, Lyle LT, Lee W, Yeo Y. Surface modification of polymer nanoparticles with native albumin for enhancing drug delivery to solid tumors. Biomaterials. 2018;180:206\u201324.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"3977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25955","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04626H","volume":"11","author":"L Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li L, Zhao Y, Shi C, Zeng W, Liao B, Zhang M, Tao X. Facile synthesis of copper Selenides with different stoichiometric compositions and their thermoelectric performance at a low temperature range. RSC Adv. 2021;11:25955\u201360.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"3977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09666","volume":"15","author":"Q Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang Q, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Liu M, Wee AT. Defect engineering of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides: applications, challenges, and opportunities. ACS Nano. 2021;15:2165\u201381.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"3977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20538","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA15218B","volume":"26","author":"LP Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng LP, Su J, Liu ZT. Effect of vacancies in monolayer MoS2 on electronic properties of Mo\u2013MoS 2 contacts. RSC Adv. 2015;26:20538\u201344.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"3977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2017.08.018","volume":"43","author":"M Nouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nouri M, Azimi HR, Saray AM, Yousefi R. S-doping effects on optical properties and highly enhanced photocatalytic performance of Cu3Se2 nanoparticles under solar-light irradiation. Ceram Int. 2017;43:14983\u20138.","journal-title":"Ceram Int"},{"key":"3977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245203","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.87.245203","volume":"87","author":"J Pohl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pohl J, Albe K. Intrinsic point defects in CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 as seen via screened-exchange hybrid density functional theory. Phy Rev B. 2013;87:245203.","journal-title":"Phy Rev B"},{"issue":"46","key":"3977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12446","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC04515A","volume":"6","author":"H Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei H, Wang H, Xia Y, Cui D, Shi Y, Dong M, Liu C, Ding T, Zhang J, Ma Y, Wang N. An overview of lead-free piezoelectric materials and devices. J Mater Chem C. 2018;6(46):12446\u201367.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem C"},{"key":"3977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.02.009","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Sun X, Cheng Z, Xu X, Pan J, Yang X, Tian F, Li Y, Yang J, Qian Y. Mesoporous Cu2-xSe nanocrystals as an ultrahigh-rate and long-lifespan anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 2019;22:275\u201383.","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1021\/ja106254h","volume":"133","author":"SC Riha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riha SC, Johnson DC, Prieto AL. Cu2Se nanoparticles with tunable electronic properties due to a controlled solid-state phase transition driven by copper oxidation and cationic conduction. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:1383\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"3977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b03305","volume":"9","author":"W Ou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ou W, Zou Y, Wang K, Gong W, Pei R, Chen L, Pan Z, Fu D, Huang X, Zhao Y, Lu W. Active manipulation of NIR plasmonics: the case of Cu2\u2013xSe through electrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett. 2018;9:274\u201380.","journal-title":"J Phys Chem Lett"},{"key":"3977_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03763","volume":"6","author":"T Oyetunde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oyetunde T, Omorogie MO, O\u2019Brien P. Ferromagnetic FeSe2 from a mixed sulphur-selenium complex of iron [Fe {(SePPh2NPPh2S)2N}3] through pyrolysis. Heliyon. 2020;6:4.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ce06650e","volume":"14","author":"J Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh J, Kumar P, Hui KS, Hui KN, Ramam K, Tiwari RS, Srivastava ON. Synthesis, band-gap tuning, structural and optical investigations of Mg doped ZnO nanowires. CrystEngComm. 2012;14:5898\u2013904.","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"3977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2006.03.036","volume":"291","author":"FK Shan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shan FK, Liu GX, Lee WJ, Shin BC. Stokes shift, blue shift and red shift of ZnO-based thin films deposited by pulsed-laser deposition J. Cryst Growth. 2006;291:328\u201333.","journal-title":"Cryst Growth"},{"key":"3977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209589","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202209589","volume":"35","author":"M Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan M, Liang S, Yang L, Li F, Liu B, Yang C, Yang Z, Bian Y, Ma PA, Cheng Z, Lin J. Rational design of platinum\u2013bismuth sulfide Schottky heterostructure for sonocatalysis-mediated hydrogen therapy. Adv Mater. 2023;35:2209589.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"3977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.294","volume":"4","author":"K Welsher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Welsher K, Liu Z, Sherlock SP, Robinson JT, Chen Z, Daranciang D, Dai H. A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice. Nat Nanotechnol. 2009;4:773\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"3977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1021\/nl201400z","volume":"11","author":"CM Hessel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hessel CM, Pattani VP, Rasch M, Panthani MG, Koo B, Tunnell JW, Korgel BA. Copper Selenide nanocrystals for photothermal therapy. Nano Lett. 2011;11:2560\u20136.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"3977_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105638","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105638","volume":"18","author":"B Shan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shan B, Liu H, Li L, Lu Y, Li M. Near-Infrared II plasmonic phototheranostics with glutathione depletion for multimodal Imaging\u2010Guided Hypoxia\u2010Tolerant Chemodynamic\u2010Photocatalytic\u2010Photothermal cancer therapy triggered by a single laser. Small. 2022;18:2105638.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"3977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908047106","volume":"106","author":"A Papapetropoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Papapetropoulos A, Pyriochou A, Altaany Z, Yang G, Marazioti A, Zhou Z, Jeschke MG, Branski LK, Herndon DN, Wang R, Szab\u00f3 C. Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous stimulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:21972\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3977_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie ZZ, Liu Y, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide and cellular redox homeostasis. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016;2016 6043038.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6043038"},{"key":"3977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7431","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c00264","volume":"67","author":"X Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong X, Wu H, Zhang Z, Sun J, Dong C, Sun L, Wang R, Gu X, Zhao C. Depletion and downregulation of hydrogen sulfide using an activatable probe for promoting photothermal therapy toward colorectal cancers. J Med Chem. 2024;67:7431\u201342.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"3977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130098","volume":"422","author":"D Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu D, Liu M, Wan Y, Zhou X, Yang S, An L, Huang G, Tian Q. Remodeling endogenous H2S microenvironment in colon cancer to enhance chemodynamic therapy. Chem Eng J. 2021;422:130098.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"3977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203902","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203902","volume":"9","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J, Deng Z, Bi S, Wen X, Zeng S. Recyclable endogenous H2S activation of Self-Assembled nanoprobe with controllable biodegradation for synergistically enhanced colon Cancer\u2010Specific therapy. Adv Sci. 2022;9:2203902.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"3977_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16086","volume":"5","author":"A Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao A, Wang H, Lu X, Zhu J, Huang D, Xu T, Guo J, Liu C, Li J. H2S, a novel gasotransmitter, involves in gastric accommodation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:19.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00314-x","volume":"6","author":"P Jawaid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Zhao QL, Misawa M, Ishikawa K, Hori M, Shimizu T, Saitoh JI, Noguchi K, Kondo T. Small size gold nanoparticles enhance apoptosis-induced by cold atmospheric plasma via depletion of intracellular GSH and modification of oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis. 2020;6:83.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"3977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21186","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c09169","volume":"16","author":"D Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang D, Liao Y, Yan H, Zhu S, Liu Y, Li J, Wang X, Guo X, Gu Z, Sun B. In situ formed Z-scheme Graphdiyne heterojunction realizes NIR-photocatalytic oxygen evolution and selective radiosensitization for hypoxic tumors. ACS Nano. 2022;16:21186\u201398.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"3977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.030","volume":"345","author":"RK Vayalakkara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vayalakkara RK, Lo CL, Chen HH, Shen MY, Yang YC, Sabu A, Huang YF, Chiu HC. Photothermal\/NO combination therapy from plasmonic hybrid nanotherapeutics against breast cancer. J Contr Release. 2022;345:417\u201332.","journal-title":"J Contr Release"},{"key":"3977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101564","volume":"34","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Xu F, Gao G, Gao X, Wu B, Zheng C, Wang P, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Hydrogen sulfide and its donors: novel antitumor and antimetastatic therapies for triple-negative breast cancer. Redox Biol. 2020;34:101564.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"3977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4433","volume":"14","author":"JL Wallace","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wallace JL, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide-based therapeutics: exploiting a unique but ubiquitous Gasotransmitter. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015;14:329\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"3977_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","volume":"469","author":"R Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou R, Yazdi AS, Menu P, Tschopp J. A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nature. 2011;469:221\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3977_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.14","volume":"13","author":"AW Greene","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greene AW, Grenier K, Aguileta MA, Muise S, Farazifard R, Haque ME, McBride HM, Park DS, Fon EA. Mitochondrial processing peptidase regulates PINK1 processing, import and parkin recruitment. EMBO Rep. 2012;13:378\u201385.","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"3977_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401950","volume":"13","author":"C Garrido","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garrido C, Galluzzi L, Brunet M, Puig PE, Didelot C, Kroemer G. Mechanisms of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13:1423\u201333.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"3977_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2014.03.001","volume":"41","author":"K M\u00f3dis","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00f3dis K, Coletta C, Asimakopoulou A, Szczesny B, Chao C, Papapetropoulos A, Hellmich MR, Szabo C. Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), an allosteric activator of cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase (CBS) on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and bioenergetics in vitro. Nitric Oxide. 2014;41:146\u201356.","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"3977_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03116-4","volume":"23","author":"S Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li S, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Si L, Jiang S, Wang A, Che X, Chen J, Hu J. Multi-pathway oxidative stress amplification via controllably targeted nanomaterials for photoimmunotherapy of tumors. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:33.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"3977_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.156","volume":"4","author":"O Krysko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krysko O, L\u00f8ve Aaes T, Bachert C, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV. Many faces of damps in cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e631\u2013631.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"3977_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang YS, Sabu A, Kandel M, Lo CL, Roy E, Ramesan L, Chang YT, Chiu HC. Hydroxyapatite and doxorubicin-laden nanotherapeutics for effective multimodality cancer treatment boosted via mitochondrial calcium overload. J Contr Release 2025;388:114368.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114368"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1770041033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03977-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is approved by IACUC of National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan (Approval No. IACUC 113002).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}